Liver drug metabolism

From investigations of the effect of emorfazone on liver drug-metabolizing enzymes, (3) has been classified as a phenobarbitone (phenobarbital)-type inducer of enzymes [65]. For results of clinical evaluations of emorfazone, see [66, 67],... 

Gietl YS, Anders MW. 1991. Biosynthesis and biliary excretion of S-conjugates of hexachlorobuta-1,3-diene in the perfused rat liver. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 19 274-277. 

Nakajima T, Sato A. 1979. Enhanced activity of liver drug-metabolizing enzymes for aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons following food deprivation. Toxicol AppI Pharmacol 50 549-556. 

The mechanisms underlying hepatotoxicity from halothane remain unclear, but studies in animals have implicated the formation of reactive metabolites that either cause direct hepatocellular damage (eg, free radical intermediates) or initiate immune-mediated responses. With regard to the latter mechanism, serum from patients with halothane hepatitis contains a variety of autoantibodies against hepatic proteins, many of which are in a trifluoroacetylated form. These trifluoroacetylated proteins could be formed in the hepatocyte during the biotransformation of halothane by liver drug-metabolizing enzymes. However, TFA proteins have also been identified in the sera of patients who did not develop hepatitis after halothane anesthesia. 

Barbiturates, which induce liver drug-metabolizing enzymes, increase the rate of metabolism of rifampicin (99). 

Pumford N R, Halmes N C, Hinson J A 1997 Covalent binding of xenobiotics to specific proteins in the liver. Drug Metabolism Reviews 29 39-57 Purchase I F 1966 Cardiac arrhythmias occur during halothane anaesthesia in cats. British Journal of Anaesthesia 38 13-22... 

Lipinski Rule of Five. 40. 55. 62 Lipitor. See Atorvastatin Lipophilicity.. 31. 65 Lipoprotcias clas.ses of. 657-658 metabolism of. 657-658 structure of. 657. 6S7f Lipotropins. 84.3-844 LiqucHed phenol. 221 Lisinopril. 645-646 Li.sier. Joseph. 217. 221 Lithane. See Lithium carbonate Lithium carbonate. 503 Lithium citrate. 503 Liver, drug metabolism in. 7—8. 66-68 LKTs. 820. 822 Local anesthetics. 676-694 alkaloids. 690... 

Kobayashi, Y., Sakai, R., Ohshiro, N., Ohbayashi, M., Kohyama, N. and Yamamoto, T. (2005) Possible involvement of organic anion transporter 2 on the interaction of theophylline with erythromycin in die human liver. Drug Metabolism and Disposition The Biological Fate of Chemicals, 33, 619-622. 

Kato N, Mochizuki S, Kawai K, et al. 1982a. Effect of dietary level of sulfur-containing amino acids on liver drug-metabolizing enzymes, serum cholesterol and urinary ascorbic acid in rats fed PCB. J Nutr 112 848-854. 

Somani, S.M. and Anderson, J.H., Sequestration of neostigmine and metabolites by perfused rat liver. Drug Metabol. Dispos., 3, 275,1975. 

Bertini, R., Bianchi, M., Villa, P., and Ghezzi, P. (1988). Depression of liver drug metabolism and increase in plasma fibrinogen by interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor A comparison with lymphotoxin and interferon. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 10, 525-530. 

Ghezzi, P., Saccardo, B., and Bianchi, M. (1986b). Induction of xanthine oxidase and heme oxygenase and depression of liver drug metabolism by interferon A study with different recombinant interferons. /. Interferon Res. 6, 251-256. 

Antagonism of sedative or hypnotic actions Competition for plasma protein binding Induction of liver drug-metabolizing enzymes Inhibition of liver drug-metabolizing enzymes... 

The chronic abuse of alcohol predisposes to hepatic damage following overdose of acetaminophen because ethanol (A) Blocks acetaminophen metabolism Causes thiamine deficiency Displaces acetaminophen from plasma proteins Induces liver drug-metabolizing enzymes Inhibits renal clearance of acetaminophen... 

Carbamazepine Carbamazepine induces formation of liver drug-metabolizing enzymes that increase metabolism of the drug itself and may increase the clearance of many other anticonvulsant drugs. Carbamazepine metabolism can be inhibited by other drugs (eg, propox)q3hene, valproic acid). 

Fluvoxamine inhibits liver drug-metabolizing enzymes. Dosages of alprazolam, theophylline, and warfarin must be reduced if any of these drugs are given concomitantly with fluvoxamine. Nefazodone may also decrease the metabolism of benzodiazepines, and venlafaxine may inhibit haloperidol metabolism. The answer is (B). 

C) Rifabutin increases liver drug-metabolizing enzymes... 

Anticonvulsant used for tonic-clonic and partial seizures blocks Na channels in neuronal membranes. Drug of choice for trigeminal neuralgia backup drug in bipolar disorder. Tox CNS depression, hematotoxic, induces liver drug-metabolizing enzymes, teratogenicity. 

Wu K, Leslie CL, Stacy NH. 1989. Effects of mutagenic and non-mutagenic aniline derivatives on rat liver drug-metabolizing enzymes. Xenobiotica 19(11) 1275-1283. 

Maezawa S, Ohira S, Sakauma M, Matsuoka, Wakui A, Saito T. Effects of inducer of liver drug-metabolizing en me on blood level of active metabolites of cyclophosphamide in rats and in cancer patients. TohokuJExpMed 9Z ) 134,45-53. 

Suresh D, Srinivasan K (2006) Influence of curcumin, capsaicin, and piperine on the rat liver drug-metabolizing enzyme system in vivo and in vitro. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 84 1259-1265... 

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