Littman laser

For reliable single-mode operation of the Littman laser longitudinal pumping is better than transverse pumping, because the dye cell is shorter and inhomogenities of the refractive index caused by the pump process are less severe [5.183J. 

Fig. 5.86. Littman laser with grazing incidence grating and Littrow grating using longitudinal pumping...

Fig. 5.87. (a) Beam expansion by a Brewster prism (b) Littman laser with beam-expanding prisms and grazing incidence grating... 

The second form of ionization is similar to autoionization.31 In a nonhydrogenic atom is not a good quantum number and bound states of high nt are coupled to Stark continua of low n j. This form of ionization applies to those states other than the reddest Stark states. The extreme red Stark states have nx = 0 and ionize, as do the red H states, at the classical ionization limit given by Eq. (6.35), modified by Eq. (6.37) for m 0 states. This point has been demonstrated explicitly by Littman et al,32 who measured the time resolved ionization of Na m = 2 states subsequent to pulsed laser excitation. Their measured rates are in good agreement with the rates obtained by extrapolation of the rates of Bailey et al.20 shown in Fig. 6.8. 

In the second design, the Littman configuration, the collimated laser light strikes the grating near the grazing incidence so that the diffracted order does not return to the laser directly. Instead, the diffracted... 

A simple mechanical solution for wavelength tuning of the dye laser in Fig. 5.85 without mode hops has been realized by Littman [5.182] for a short... 

M.G. Littman Single-mode operation of grazing-incidence pulsed dye laser. Opt. Lett. 3, 138 (1978)... 

Figure 5.76 External-cavity widely tunable single-mode diode laser with Littman resonator...

M.G. Littman, H.J. Metcalf Spectrally narrow pulsed dye laser without beam expander. Appl. Opt. 25, 375 (1978)... 

M.G. Littman Single mode pulsed tunable dye laser. Appl. Opt. 23, 4465 (1984)... 

A simple mechanical solution for wavelength tuning of the dye laser in Fig.5.85 without mode hops has been realized by Littman [5.175] for a short laser cavity (Fig.5.89). If the turning axis of mirror M2 coincides with the intersection of the two planes through mirror M2 and grating surface, the two conditions for the resonance wavelength... 

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