Bacteria lithotrophic

Kelly DP (1971) Autotrophy concepts of lithotrophic bacteria and their organic metabolism. Anna Rev Microbiol 25 177-210. 

As discussed in Sections IV and V, industrial exploitation of chemo-lithotrophic bacteria has been confined to low-grade copper ores, to uranium ores, and to the enhanced recovery of gold. Nickel and cobalt seem to be promising candidates for future exploitation, as large re-... 

Although the association of lithotrophic bacteria and sulfur oxidation is... 

It is clear that chemical processes do not involve just alteration of particles that fall to the sediment-water interface. Rather, these systems are dominated by cycling between oxidized and reduced chemical forms within the sediment column. Heterotrophic respiration leads to the oxidation of organic mattei releasing C, N, and P into solution, and the reduction of O2, Fe, Mn, and S. The latter three elements are then subject to transport, both in dissolved and solid forms, back toward the sediment-water interface, where they may be reoxidized either abiotically or by lithotrophic bacteria. The burial of reduced Fe, Mn, and S is a slow leak from these rapid internal cycles (Figure 6). 

In models in which bacteria are not modelled explicitly, nitrification is modelled as oxidation of ammonium without explicit description of growth of the chemolitho-trophic bacteria that perform the oxidation. This process is shown in Table 16.15. Other oxidation processes undertaken by chemo-lithotrophic bacteria are modelled similarly. When omitting the growth of chemolitho-trophic bacteria, organic phosphorus is not affected by these processes. 

Anaerobic lithotrophs that oxidize ammonium using nitrite as electron acceptor (anammox) are noted later in the section on anaerobic bacteria. 

Koops, H.P. and Chritian, U., The lithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, in Variations in Autotrophic Life, Shively, J.M. and Burton, L.L., Eds., Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Pub., New York, 1991. 

Jenni, B., Realini, L., Aragno, M. Tamer, A. U. (1988). Taxonomy of non H2-lithotrophic, oxalate-oxidizing bacteria related to Alcaligenes eutrophus. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 10, 126-30. 

Neubauer S. C., Emerson D., and Megonigal J. P. (2002) Life at the energetic edge kinetics of circumneutral iron oxidation by lithotrophic iron-oxidizing bacteria isolated from the wetland-plant rhizophere. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 3988-3995. 

Hydrogen Oxidation Kinetics. Shea et al. (22) studied the kinetics of methane fermentation by an enrichment culture of lithotrophic (autotrophic) hydrogen oxidizing methanogenic bacteria at 37 °C. Reported values of the kinetic coeflScients are as follows (1) Y = 0.043 mg volatile suspended solids per mg of hydrogen COD removed, (2) b = —0.009 day"S (3) k = 24.8 mg hydrogen COD removed per mg volatile suspended solids per day and (4) Ks = 569 mm of mercury, hydrogen pressure. 

The deepest members of the Bacteria are also lithotrophs and use hydrogen, together with sulfur compounds, or with low levels of oxygen. Chlorophyll-based photosynthesis was also developed by the bacteria although much later. 

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