Lithosphere climate system

The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth s climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth s orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system also produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedbaek proeesses interrelating the components of the elimate system, climate sensitivity... 

In a broader sense, the climate system can be seen as an interlayer within the earth system, buffering a habitable zone from uninhabitable physical and chemical conditions in altitude (upper atmosphere) and depth (deep lithosphere) (see Fig. 3.2). In a more narrow sense, the human-habitable zone is limited to the gas-solid interface (earth-surface/atmosphere) with a very small extension of a few tens of metres. The anthroposphere (or noosphere), however, is permanent spatially ex-... 

In his book, Detlev Moller gives a thorough overview of the main chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere, only a few of which have been mentioned above. The novel title of this book chemistry of the climate system should direct the attention of the reader to the fact that understanding atmospheric chemistry is incomplete without considering interfacing neighboring reservoirs such as the hydrosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere. 

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