Lithology saturation

A vast variety of logging tools are In existence and Section 5.4 will cover only those which enable the evaluation of essential reservoir parameters, specifically net reservoir thickness, lithology, porosity and hydrocarbon saturation. 

If appropriate, correlation panels may contain additional information such as depositional environments, porosities and permeabilities, saturations, lithological descriptions and indications of which intervals have been cored. 

A poorly defined zone of phyllic alteration, which is characterized by a drop in the albite saturation index and an increase in the muscovite saturation index (when normalized to the Al content of the sample), either coincides with or lies within the sulfidic alteration halo. Absolute changes in K and Na concentrations in meta-sedimentary host rocks are dominated by lithological changes, and so the use of molar ratios is required to adequately define this zone by lithogeochemistry. This zone is not recognized in contact-metamorphosed deposits such as Maldon. 

As the acoustic properties of water-saturated sediments are strongly controlled by the amount and distribution of pore space, cross plots of P-wave velocity and attenuation coefficient versus porosity clearly indicate the different bulk and elastic properties of terrigenous and biogenic sediments and can thus be used for an acoustic classification of the lithology. Additional S-wave velocities (and attenuation coefficients) and elastic moduli estimated by least-square inversion specify the amount of bulk and shear moduli which contribute to the P-wave velocity (Breitzke 2000). 

The Landsat scene of path row 165-039 of March 2003 was taken since the tonal contrast was good between the drainage channels, bare sand, lithology due to higher moisture saturation. The cloud coverage was less than 5%. 

Equation is developed to relate the flow of Xanthan solutions in cores having different permeabilities, lithologies, and oil saturations. 

Ground cracks (GK). Ground cracks appear from intensity IV and saturate (i.e., their size does not increase) at intensity X. Diagnostic parameters are lithology, strike and dip, maximum width, and areal density. Different dimensions of fractures are considered for soft materials (loose alluvial deposits and/or saturated soils) and hard rocks. This category also includes the occurrence of cracking, undulations, and/or pressure ridges in paved (asphalt or stone) roads. 

Liquefaction processes (LQ). Liquefactions generally materialize at intensity V or greater. The diagnostic features for liquefactions are the diameter of sand volcanoes and their lithology (silt, sands, and gravel). Saturation (i.e., their size does not increase) occurs at intensity X. Other useful characteristics are shape, the time delay, the depth of water table, and the occurrence of water and sand ejection. 

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