Lithium ethoxide

The lithium ethoxide solution is prepared by dissolving f.40 g. of lithium wire in 1 1. of anhydrous ethanol. 

Lithium aluminum hydride, in reduction of 3-ethoxy-2-cyclohexenone to 2-cyclohexenone, 40, 14 Lithium ethoxide in condensation of benzaldehyde with tripbenylcin-namylphosphonium chloride to form 1,4-diphenyl-l, 3-butadiene,... 

Triphenyldnnamylphosphonium chloride, reaction with benzaldchyde and lithium ethoxide to yield 1, 4-diphenyI-l,3-butadiene, 40, 36... 

More recently, such vinyl cations generated by the alkaline decomposition of 3-nitroso-2-oxazolidones have been trapped by halogens to give vinyl halides as products (108). It has been suggested that unsaturated carbenes, RjC=C , may be the intermediates in the basic decomposition of 132 (109). Indeed, when 132 (Ri=R2=CH3, R3=H) was treated with lithium ethoxide in the... 

Treatment of ethyl 2-azidobutanoate with a catalytic amount of lithium ethoxide in THF leads to evolution of nitrogen. Quenching the resulting solution with 3 N HC1 gives ethyl 2-oxobutanoate in 86% yield. Suggest a mechanism for this process. 

While it is important for all ester substrates that lithium hexamethyldisilazide be added before warming in order to avoid yield loss, the addition of lithium ethoxide (LiOEt) Is specific for the naphthyl ester and is not generally necessary (see Discussion). Thus for other esters the ethanol can be omitted in this step and the amount of butyllithium can be reduced to 0.20 mol. 

Parts A and B of the procedure correspond to preparation of lithium tetramethylpiperidide, and its use in the in situ preparation and addition of dibromomethyllithium to the ester 1 producing tetrahedral intermediate 2. In Part C a mixture of lithium hexamethyldisilazide and lithium ethoxide is prepared for addition in Part D to the solution of 2. The silazide base serves to deprotonate the mono and dibromo ketones that are formed on initial warming of the reaction to -20°C, thus protecting them as the enolate anions 4 and 3. Addition of the sec-butyllithium in Part... 

Lithium ethoxide Ethyl alcohol, lithium salt (8) Ethanol, lithium salt (9) (2388-07-0) sec-Butyllithium Lithium, sec-butyl- (8) Lithium, (1-methylpropyl)- (9) (598-30-1) Acetyl chloride (8,9) (75-36-5)... 

Trioxymethylene, condensation with nitromethane, 41, 67 Triphenyldnnamylphosphonium chloride, from triphenylphosphine and cinnamyl chloride, 40, 36 reaction with benzaldehyde and lithium ethoxide to yield... 

Lithium liberates hydrogen from ethanol, forming lithium ethoxide ... 

Lithium niobate is a ferroelectric material used as an optical switch. Preparation by the simple ceramic method leads to problems in obtaining the correct stoichiometry, and a mixture of phases often results. Several sol-gel preparations have been described, their advantage being the lower temperature required for the preparation and the greater homogeneity of the product. One such preparation starts with lithium ethoxide (LiOC2H5 (or LiOEt)) and niobium ethoxide Nb2(OEt)io. Each ethoxide was dissolved in absolute ethanol and the two solutions mixed. The addition of water leads to partial hydrolysis giving hydroxy-alkoxides, for example ... 

By heating A -eub tituted aairidines with lithium ethoxide and an excess of monoalkylated diethyl malona e, substituted pyrrohdones we formed8 1 (Eq. 71a). 

It is likely that some and perhaps all the methanol measured corresponds to the presence of lithium methoxide. This must have some influence on the reaction. Experiments show that it in fact accelerates the polymerization when deliberately added even though it does not initiate polymerization under the conditions used. Even more effective are lithium ethoxide and propoxide which are considerably more soluble in toluene. Lithium methoxide itself is virtually insoluble in toluene, but produced in situ is probably solubilized by association with the active polymer chain ends. Some of it, however, might not be in solution and the possibility of some reaction occurring on the surface of colloidally dispersed salt cannot be excluded. It is interesting to note that both initiators (fiuorenyllithium and butyllithium) which produce a high... 

One of the most notable recent advances in iodonium ylide chemistry is the first demonstrable generation of iodonium enolates 44 formally derived from unactivated monocarbonyl compounds [197]. This was accomplished by the treatment of (Z)-jS-acetoxyvinyliodonium salts with lithium ethoxide, either in THF or in THF-DMSO (12 1) (Scheme 72). 

Iodonium enolates 293, formally derived from unactivated monoketones, can be generated in situ by the action of lithium ethoxide on (Z)-/3-acetoxyvinyhodonium salts 292 (97JA11598, 98TL5569, 99JOC3181). When aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes are present in the reaction... 

More recently, Maddaluno and Le Strat have described a new access to 3-vinylbenzofu-rans and 3-vinylfuropyridines 377 from acetylenic precursors 376. Halogen-lithium exchange triggers an irreversible 5-exo-dig addition on the triple bond, followed by a lithium ethoxide elimination. A final isomerization of the exocyclic allene provides a useful 1,3-dienic system (Scheme 99)160. These authors also reported that the corresponding indoles could be obtained in a similar way, but a previous isomerization of the acetylenic moiety with f-BuOK is necessary to effect the cyclization reaction. 

The di-trans isomer 206 was isolated from the products of the reaction of 190 with the bisphosphonium salt 205 in the presence of lithium ethoxide. The reaction of 207 (obtained by the oxidative coupling of 206, with dimethyl sulphate followed by reduction with sodium hydrosulphite) yielded the cyclic compound, containing the dihydropyridine nucleus, 208a. Lithium aluminium hydride reduction of 207 yielded... 

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