Liquids, decoupling

Amplitude of controlled variable Output amplitude limits Cross sectional area of valve Cross sectional area of tank Controller output bias Bottoms flow rate Limit on control Controlled variable Concentration of A Discharge coefficient Inlet concentration Limit on control move Specific heat of liquid Integration constant Heat capacity of reactants Valve flow coefficient Distillate flow rate Limit on output Decoupler transfer function Error... 

In summary the results of our 2H NMR investigation illustrate the spacer model for liquid crystalline polymers, indicating, however, that the decoupling of the mesogenic groups from the main chain, while effective, is not complete. 

Carbon-13. The molecular structure of phosphino-thioformamides (27) and their chalcogenides have been studied in the solid and liquid states.57 The, 3C n.m.r. spectra of solid methylphenyl phosphonium salts have been studied using high power decoupling cross-polarisation and slow magic angle rotation. 

These results demonstrate that side-chain liquid crystalline polymers can be synthesized by polymer analogous reactions from theoretically any polymer backbone. When the polymer backbone is rigid, as in the case of PPO, a long spacer is required both to decrease the Tg of the parent polymer and to partially decouple the... 

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the 13C (or 15N) spin-lattice relaxation times (7"i), spin-spin relaxation (T2), and H spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (Tlp) for the liquid-like and solid-like domains, as a function of the correlation times of local motions. 13C (or 15N) NMR signals from the solid-like domains undergoing incoherent fluctuation motions with the correlation times of 10 4-10 5 s (indicated by the grey colour) could be lost due to failure of attempted peak-narrowing due to interference of frequency with proton decoupling or magic angle spinning.

In Liquid Recycle, the conditions for the reaction are decoupled from those for the separation system. [10] Distillation is a widely practiced and well-understood technology, so it is generally the first consideration for any homogeneous catalytic process. A typical Liquid Recycle system is shown in Figure 2.2. 

As described above, it is probably adequately clear that the vibrational spectroscopy of water is complicated indeed One can simplify the situation considerably by considering dilute isotopic mixtures. Thus one common system is dilute HOD in D2O. The large frequency mismatch between OH and OD stretches now effectively decouples the OH stretch from all other vibrations in the problem, meaning that the OH stretch functions as an isolated chromophore. Of course the liquid is now primarily D2O instead of H2O, which has slightly different structural and dynamical properties, but that is a small price to pay for the substantial simplification this modification brings to the problem. 

As mentioned in the introduction, this is a convenient system for theoretical and experimental study because the OH stretch absorbs in the same region as in liquid water, but in this case, this stretch is decoupled from the other stretches in the system, and even from the bend overtone. 

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