Liquid flame spread

Figure 8.23 Relationship between the liquid temperature and the rate of plane flame spread of methanol in a vessel 2.6 cm wide and 1.0 cm deep [23]...

Akita, K., Some problems of flame spread along a liquid surface, in 14th Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Proc. Comb. Inst., 1975, 14, p. 1075. 

Assume the decane flame spreads like that over a solid surface i.e. ignore circulation effects in the liquid. Assume pure convective burning. Compute the convective heat flux from the... 

A critical component to any mathematical model of pyrolysis, ignition, or even flame spread is the modeling of small-scale thermal degradation. Traditionally, thermal degradation processes in solids are considered to be analogous to chemical reactions in gases and liquids and are modeled in terms of sets of kinetic rate equations, typically of the form... 

Additional physical phenomena influence rates of horizontal spread of flames over surfaces of liquid fuels [111]-[120]. If the equilibrium vapor pressure of the liquid fuel at its initial temperature is high enough for the fuel concentration in the gas mixture at the liquid surface to lie above the lower flammability limit, then premixed flame propagation occurs in the gas above the liquid, and flame spread is rapid. If the liquid is cold and... 

Fig. 2.1 Schemes of flame spreading of volatile liquid explosives...

Flame spread flammability evaluates how far away from the ignition source a flame travels across a liquid or solid surface. The test is carried out in accordance with ASTM E162 [12]. Only flexible cellular foams are tested using a variant of the method ASTM D3675 [13]. 

Liquids that produce vapors that can undergo combustion with relative ease are considered ignitable liquids. Liquids do not bum rather the vapors produced by the liquids actually undergo combustion. Because it is the vapors that ignite, flanunable limits and many of the same principles that were discussed in gases are imperative when dealing with ignitaWlity and flame spread of liquids. As the liquid increases... 

On exposure to flame, there is a kind of microexplosions and injection of lire extinguishing liquid (water) occurring in the combustion zone. In this case, combustion inhibition is likely due to the absorption of a significant heat amount characterized by the high heat capacity and high water evaporation heat. A possible factor in reducing the flame-spread rate is also water displacement of the combustion reaction components from the reaction zone. 

Liquids having flash points below ambient storage temperatures generally display a rapid rate of flame spread over the surface of the liquid, since it is not necessary for the heat of the fire to expend its energy in heating the liquid to generate more vapor. 

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