Liquid ctystal

ANDERSON STROM Pdymerization of Lyotro Liquid Ctystals... 

Ciferi, A., W.R. Krigbaum, R.B. Meyer, Polymer Liquid Ctystals, Academic Press, 1982. 

Liquid-Ctystal in Embtyogenesis and Pathogenesis of Human Diseases... 

Perhaps the most fundamental stractural feature of a liquid ctystal material is the so-called core. The core can, in fact, be difficult to define absolutely, but it is usually defined as the rigid unit which is constructed from linearly linked ring units the core is often defined to include ai linking groups and ai lateral substituents that are connected to the rings (see later). 

The photochromic reaction in liquid ctystals (LCs) is one of the effective stimuli inducing modificaticm of the LC ( tical prqralies. For example, photochromic reactions in cholestoic liquid crystals (CLCs) can induce dianges in the cholesteric iridescent reflections (reflected colors) due to the helical molecular alignment.(i, 2) Since the molecular aligrunoit of the CLC... 

FIGURE 1 The three basic types of distortion in a nematic liquid CTystal (1) i lay, (2) twist, and (3) bend. 

Y. Zhang, L. Wang, T. Wada, H Sasabe, Molecular Ctystals and Liquid Ctystals Science and Technology, Section A Molecular Ctystals and Liquid Ctystals, 267, 65 (1995). 

Thb section discusses various features of commercial types of solution crystallizers used in industrial processes. In solution crystallization a diluem solvent b added to fee mixture or b already present as a carrier liquid. The solution b then cooled aixi/or solvent b evgqiorated to cause crystallization. Another feature of solution ctystallization b feat the solid phase b ftmtied and maintained below ib pure-component freezing temperature. 

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