Liquid crystalline order polymers

Papkov, S. P. Liquid Crystalline Order in Solutions of Rigid-Chain Polymers. Vol. 59, pp. 75— 102. 

Blumstein, A., Liquid Crystalline Order in Polymers , Academic Press, N. Y., 1978... 

Schneider NS, Desper CR,Beres JJ (1978) In Blumstein A (ed) Liquid crystalline order in polymers. Academic, New York, chap 9, p 299... 

B. Schartel, Y. Wachtendorf, M. Grell, D.D.C. Bradley, and M. Hennecke, Polarized fluorescence and orientational order parameters of a liquid-crystalline conjugated polymer, Phys. Rev. B, 60 277-283, 1999. 

Liquid crystal display technology, 15 113 Liquid crystalline cellulose, 5 384-386 cellulose esters, 5 418 Liquid crystalline conducting polymers (LCCPs), 7 523-524 Liquid crystalline compounds, 15 118 central linkages found in, 15 103 Liquid crystalline materials, 15 81-120 applications of, 15 113-117 availability and safety of, 15 118 in biological systems, 15 111-113 blue phases of, 15 96 bond orientational order of, 15 85 columnar phase of, 15 96 lyotropic liquid crystals, 15 98-101 orientational distribution function and order parameter of, 15 82-85 polymer liquid crystals, 15 107-111 polymorphism in, 15 101-102 positional distribution function and order parameter of, 15 85 structure-property relations in,... 

Blumstein, A., ed.. Liquid Crystalline Order in Polymers, Academic Press, New York, 1978. Cifferi, A., Kriegbaum, W.R., and Meyer, R.B., eds.. Polymer Liquid Crystals, Aeademie Press, New York, 1982. 

When the glass transition temperature of the polymer sample is reached in the DSC experiment, the plot will show an incline. It is obvious that the heat capacity increases at T, and therefore DSC can monitor the of a polymer. Usually the middle of the incline is taken to be the Tg. Above Tg, the polymer chains are much more mobile and thus might move into a more ordered arrangement they may assume crystalline or liquid-crystalline order. When polymers self-or-ganize in that way, they give off heat which can be seen as an exothermal peak in... 

A general concept for describing all kinds of order in chain molecules, ranging from crystalline order to liquid crystalline order and then to order in oriented and isotropic amorphous polymers, is introduced in the third article written by Pieper and Kilian. After the presentation of the basic concept, experimental results obtained on different polymers including phases with rotatory segmental motion are discussed. 

For a summary of lyotropic polypeptide glasses see E. T. Samuels, Liquid crystalline order in polypeptides in A. Blumstein, ed. Liquid Crystalline Order in Polymers . Academic Press, New York, NY 1978. For the description of glasses of dicholesterylesters of dicarboxylic acids see D. Gross, Z, Naturforsch. B27, 472 (1972)... 

Blumstein, A., Hsu, E. C. Liquid crystalline order in polymers with mesogenic side groups, in Liquid Crystalline Order in Polymers (ed.) Blumstein, A., p. 105, New York, Academic Press 1978... 

Baird, D. G. The rheology of polymers with liquid-crystalline order, in Rheology, Vol. 3, Applications (ed.) Astarita, G., Mannicci, G., Nicolais, L., p. 647, New York, Plenum, 1980... 

Preston, J., in Liquid crystalline order in polymers (Ed. Blumstein, A.) Academic Press, New York, San Francisco, London, 1978, p. 141... 

Coatings derived from cholesteric liquid crystalline polymers are used commercially as reflective sheets and polarisers. The liquid crystal is cooled below the vitrification temperature resulting in a solid polymer that is amorphous but contains large regions of frozen liquid crystalline order. Such structures are also found in nature in the iridescent, almost metallic colours of beetles and other insects, which result from helical cholesteric structures in the outer layer of the carapace. 

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