Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry imidazolinones

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry The initial attempts to couple LC with MS lacked important attributes for trace analysis sensitivity, robustness, and reliable quantitation. Moreover, the cost of the early LC-MS instruments was prohibitive for most laboratories. The revolutionary introduction of atmospheric pressure ionization (API) techniques, mainly electrospray (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), resulted in greater applicability of LC-MS and manufacture of more reliable, affordable, and user-friendly instruments. Thus, LC-MS is now becoming an indispensable part of the analytical strategy in many routine laboratories, enabling direct, selective, and sensitive multiclass, multiresidue analysis of more polar, low volatile, and/or thermolabile pesticides, such as carbamates, phenylureas, sulfonylureas, imidazoles, triazoles, imidazolinones, chlorophenoxy acids, and many others. 

Furlong, E.T. et al.. Routine determination of sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and sulfonamide herbicides at nanogram-per-Uter concentrations by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, Sci. Total Environ., 248,135, 2000. 

D Ascenzo, G. et al.. Development of a method based on liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry for analyzing imidazolinone herbicides in environmental water at part-per-trillion levels, J. Chromatogr. A, 800, 109,1998. 

Stout, S.J., daCunha, A.R., Picard, G.L., and Safarpour, M.M. 1996. Microwave-Assisted Extraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Simplified Determination of Imidazolinone Herbicides and Their Metabolites in Plant Tissue. J. FoodAgric. Chem, 44, 3548-3553. 

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