Lipid topogenesis

Lipogenesis, the synthesis of lipids from carbohydrate via acetyl-CoA, occurs almost exclusively in the liver cells and the fatty tissue, (s. fig. 3.9) According to lipid topogenesis (4), the enzymes involved in triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis are localized on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. The level of hepatic synthesis is regulated primarily by the insulin-glucagon quotient, as described by R.H. Unger in 1971. 

Properties of Lipids That Determine Protein Topogenesis... 

Bogdanov, M., Zhang, W., Xie, J. and Dowhan, W., Transmembrane protein topology mapping by the substituted cysteine accessibility method (SCAM(TM)) apphcation to lipid-specific membrane protein topogenesis. Methods 36 (2005) 148-171. 

Blobel (1980) assumes that parts of a protein sequence bear information for different processes termed as intracellular protein topogenesis. Topogenetic sequences include signal sequences, transfer sequences which interrupt the translocation process, sorting sequences which determine translocational traffic and insertion sequences which initiate integration of proteins into the lipid bilayer of a membrane (see also Marx, 1980). Thus, beside the genetic code which determines sequence, a so-called zip code determines destination of proteins into the cell. Silhavy et al (1977) succeeded in moving to the outer... 

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