Linolenic acid, formula

One formula, Oxepa , has been studied specifically in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).29 This high-fat formula contains high quantities of the C0-3 fatty acids (EPA) and y-linolenic acid (GLA). y-Linolenic... 

Essential fatty acid deficiency is rare but can occur with prolonged lipid-free parenteral nutrition, very low fat enteral formulas, severe fat malabsorption, or severe malnutrition. The body can synthesize all fatty acids except for linoleic and linolenic acid, which should constitute approximately 2% to 4% of total calorie intake. 

LINOLENIC ACID, CAS 463-40-11. Also called 9.12,15-ocladecatri-enoie acid, formula CH,CH CH CHCH2CH rHrH CH CH(CH bCOOH. This is a polyunsaturated fatty ucid (three double bondsl, It occurs as the glyceride in many seetl tats. It ts an essential laity acid in the diet. See also Vegetable Oils (Edible). At room temperature, linolenic aeid is a colorless liquid soluble in most organic solvents insoluble in water. Specific gravity (1.916 (2(1/4"C mp -ll C bp 23()"C. Combustible. Linolenic acid finds use in various pharmaceuticals and drying oils. 

Find the condensed formula of linolenic acid in Table 15.1 and use example 15.1 as a guide. 

Write the formulas of the reaction, converting linolenic acid to its methyl ester. 

Jorgenson MH, Hohner G, Lund P, Hernell O, Fleischer Michaelsen K. Effect of formula supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid and y-linolenic acid on fatty acid status and visual acuity in term infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998 26 412-421. 

Owens SP, Innis SM. Docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid prevent a decrease in dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitters in frontal cortex caused by a 1 inoleic and a-linolenic acid deficient diet in formula-fed piglets. J Nutr 1999 129 2088-2093. 

Ward, G.R., Huang, Y.-S., Xing, H-C., Bobik, E., Wauben, I., Auestad, N Montalto, M., and Wainwright, P.E. (1999) Effects of y-Linolenic Acid in Formulae on Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels in the Brain of Artificially-Reared Rats, Lipids 34.1057-1063. 

Carlson, S.E., Cooke, R.J., Rhodes, P.G., Peeples, JM., Werk-man, S.H., and Tolley, E.A. (1991) Long-Term Feeding of Formulas High in Linolenic Acid and Marine Oil to Very Low Birth Weight Infants Phospholipid Fatty Acids, Ferfia/r. Jfe. 30,404 12. 

This first generation n-3 deficiency may be considered a model of the human case in which the mother has a diet containing a-linolenic acid but low in long-chain n-3 polyunsaturates such as DHA. The infant is then given a formula with its EFA content derived from corn oil or some other linoleic acid-rich seed oil and devoid of any long-chain n-3 pol3ninsat-urate source, as has been a common p ractice in North America... 

CAS 463-40-1 EINECS/ELINCS 207-334-8 Synonyms a-Linolenic acid 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid all cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid Classification Unsaturated fatty acid Empirical C18H30O2 Formula ... 

Fatty acids the esterified carboxylic acids of fats and oils. Saturated F.a. have the general formula C H2 iCOOH. Unsaturated F.a. have double bonds between two or more carbons, and correspondingly fewer H atoms. Some common saturated F.a. are butyric, palmitic, lauric and stearic acids. Oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids are unsatiirated or olefinic acids. Essential Fa. see Vitamins (vitamin F). 

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