Line conventions

ANSI B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Steel, Niekel Alloy, and other Speeial Alloys ANSI B31.3 Petroleum Refinery Piping ANSI Y14.2M Engineering Drawing and Related Praetiees— Line Conventions and Lettering API Std 612 Speeial-Purpose Steam Turbines for Refinery Serviees... 

ANSI/ASME Line conventions and lettering 31 308 Parts 2 3 NEE ... 

Figure 13.1 hERG compound data obtained from PubChem BioAssay AID 376. Upper line Conventional hERG blockers. Lower line Atypical hERG blockers which do not contain the conventional pharmacophore of a basic nitrogen, decorated by a set of lipophilic rings, (also see Chapter 16). 

FIGURE 5.6 Definition of the skew-line convention used to define the absolute configuration of tris- or bis(chelate) complexes and conformation of diamine chelates. 

A line can be defined uniquely, by stating, in addition to fl, any one point on the line, conventionally on the line where X = 0. The value of Y in the population at this point is the parameter a, which is called the Y intercept. The best estimate of a is... 

The chiral identity of a molecule is included in the nomenclature of inorganic compounds, and today s comprehensive system is based upon suggestions made in 1990 in IUPAC s Recommendations on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry [84], and ACS s Inorganic Chemical Nomenclature [90]. The basis for the usage of stereochemical descriptors was laid by Brown [91,92], from which three types of chiral descriptor conventions were developed (i) Steering-wheel-convention [93], (ii) Skew-lines convention [94] and (iii) Oriented-skew-lines convention [95]. 

The oriented skew-lines convention describes orthogonal skew lines that are not defined with the classical system. By analogy, the vector descriptors are chosen to be A/yl, respectively... 

In a diagram of a cell a single vertical line conventionally represents a phase boundary at which a potential difference is taken into account. A double vertical line represents a liquid junction at which the potential difference is ignored or is considered to be eliminated by an appropriate salt bridge. For example, a cell consisting of zinc and copper half-cells can be expressed by... 

Skew-line convention for octahedral complexes. The second is the skew line convention and applies to octahedral complexes. Tris(didentate) complexes constitute a general family of structures for which a useful unambiguous convention has been developed based on the orientation of skew lines which define a helix. Examples I and 2 represent the della and lambda forms of a complex, such as [CofNHjCHjCHjNHj)]. ... 

The R/S convention for tetrahedral centres The R/S convention for trigonal pyramidal centres The C/A convention for other polyhedral centres The C/A convention for trigonal bipyramidal centres The C/A convention for square pyramidal centres The C/A convention for see-saw centres The C/A convention for octahedral centres The C/A convention for trigonal prismatic centres The C/A convention for other bipyramidal centres The skew-lines convention... 

Application of the skew-lines convention to tris(bidentate) octahedral complexes... 

The second is based on the geometry of the molecule and makes use of the skew-lines convention it is usually applied only to octahedral complexes. The two enantiomers are identified by the symbols A and A in this system. The C/A nomenclature is not required for those chelate complexes where the skew-lines convention is completely unambiguous (see Sections IR-9.3.4.11 to 9.3.4.14). 

Depicted are the means of 16 detectors. Full horizontal line conventionally expected value 81.67/7.63 = 10.7 [Chatzidimitriou-Dreis-mann 1997 (a)]. 

Figure 3 Experimental values of a o Oo from pure DnO, for several scattering angles in the "forward" and "backward" directions. Dashed line conventionally expected value (= 1.80).

In view of the importance attached to the synthetic pyrethroids as "end of the line" conventional insecticides, some recent significant developments in resistance to this group are considered separately in this section. 

Figure 12-1 Fundamental characteristics of the phenylacetylene monomer unit. In this chapter the three basic phenylacetylene valence angles will be represented with a dot ( ) and line (—) convention, as shown in the structure key. The phenylacetylene linkage is characterized by a flexible bending force constant, F(S) [5], and an sp -sp bond order of 1.18. The indicated bond distances are taken from the crystal structure of tolane [6]. The bottom plot shows the torsional potential energy curve in tolane as determine by supersonic jet spectroscopy (adapted from [8]). The outer edges of van der Waals spheres for the two ortho hydrogens on one side of tolane are separated by nearly 2 A in the planar conformation. The result is a virtually barrierless rotation.

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