Limb blood flow agents

Quinterenol (XIII) was found to have g-adrenergic stimulant properties. Thus the drug increased hind limb blood flow and lowered total peripheral resistance in the dog to the same extent as did papaverine but had a considerably longer duration of action. All cardiovascular effects of quinterenol were blocked by the 8-receptor blocking agent, propranalol. 

The rate of absorption from an SC injection site may be retarded by immobilization of the limb, local cooling to cause vasoconstriction, or application of a tourniquet proximal to the injection site to block the superficial venous drainage and lymphatic flow. In small amounts, adrenergic stimulants, such as epinephrine, will constrict the local blood vessels and, therefore, slow systemic absorption. Conversely, cholinergic stimulants (such as methacholine) will induce very rapid systemic absorption subcutaneously. Other agents may also alter their own rate of absorption by affecting local blood supply or capillary permeability. 

Conventionally, compression using tourniquets and/or gauze has been the principal treatment for the control of bleeding. These measures have not been particularly effective. Tourniquets have been used since Roman times to reduce bleeding by means of external pressure, which compresses the veins/capiUaries and slows down the flow of blood from a wound. However, the use of tourniquets is limited to certain parts of the body (such as limbs) excluding areas like head, neck, chest or abdomen. One of the earliest topical hemostatic agents was cotton, in the form of gauze pads, capable of... 

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