Lignocelluloses biomass recalcitrance

Due to the complex structure of lignocelluloses, the release of fermentable sugars is a hurdle for the industrialization of this renewable resource (Zhao et al., 2012a). The complex structure of plants functions as protection against microbial and enzymatic attacks and is called biomass recalcitrance (Himmel and Picataggio,... 

Taherzadeh MJ, Jeihanipour A. (2012). Recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass to anaerobic digestion. In Mudhoo A, editor. Biogas Production Pretreatment Methods in Anaerobic Digestion. Wiley Online Library, pp. 27-54. 

Zhao X, Zhang L, Liu D. (2012a). Biomass recalcitrance. Parti the chemical compositions and physical structures affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Biofuels, Bioprvd Biorefin, 6, 465-482. 

Lignocellulose waste hydrolysis to fermentable sugars still brings many challenges, because the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose are hampered by the structure and composition of lignocellulosic biomass (Himmel et al., 2007). Due to its structural recalcitrance, a chemical and physicochemical pretreatment is a required stage to obtain potentially fermentable... 

Separation of biomass components is the very important initial step for the upcoming efficient utilization of biomass sources. Several physical and chemical separation methods are currently employed to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses. These methods include acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, ammonia fiber expansion, hot water, organic solvent, and ionic liquid separation technologies. In this section of the chapter, all of the above separation methods are discussed. 

---