Biomass recalcitrance

The major enzymes in all biomass conversion cocktails today are cellulases and hemicellulases. However, it is also important to recognize and consider the effects 

TABLE 4.1 Enzyme Families and Their Activities on Lignocellnlosic Substrates 

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Harris, P. J., Stone, B. A. (2008). Chemistry and moleeular organization of plant eell walls. In M. E. Himmel (Ed.), Biomass recalcitrance deconstructing the plant cell wall for bioenergy (pp. 61-93). Blaekwell Publishing, Oxford. 

W., and Foust, T. D. 2007. Biomass recalcitrance engineering plants and enzymes for biofuels production. Science, 315, 804-807. 

L. B. Davin A. M. Patten M. Jourdes N. G. Lewis, Lignins A Twenty-First Century Chaiienge. in Biomass Recalcitrance. Deconstructing the Plant Cell Wall for Bioenergy, M. E. Himmei, Ed. Biackweii Pubiishing Oxford, UK, 2008 pp 213-305. 

Due to the complex structure of lignocelluloses, the release of fermentable sugars is a hurdle for the industrialization of this renewable resource (Zhao et al., 2012a). The complex structure of plants functions as protection against microbial and enzymatic attacks and is called biomass recalcitrance (Himmel and Picataggio,... 

Atalla RH, Brady JW, Matthews JF, Ding SY, Himmel ME. (2008). Structures of plant cell waU celluloses. In Himmel ME, editor. Biomass Recalcitrance. Blackwell Publishing,... 

Gross AS, Chu JW. (2010). On the molecular origins of biomass recalcitrance the interaction network and solvation structures of coUulose microfibrils. J Phys Chem B, 114, 13333-13341. 

Zhao X, Zhang L, Liu D. (2012a). Biomass recalcitrance. Parti the chemical compositions and physical structures affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Biofuels, Bioprvd Biorefin, 6, 465-482. 

This chapter focuses on production of sugars from cellulosic or fibrous biomass feedstocks using conversion routes based on enzymatic hydrolysis. Section 4.2 describes the nature of cellulase and hemicellulase enzyme systems capable of depolymerizing cellulose and hemicellulose to soluble sugars, and reviews the prominent concepts of enzyme synergy and biomass recalcitrance. Performance of enzymatic hydrolysis under anticipated real-world processing conditions involving... 

Cesarino I, Araujo P, Domingues Junior AP, Mazzafera P. An overview of lignin metabolism and its effect on biomass recalcitrance. 

Himmel,M. E.,Ding, S. Y, Johnson,D.K.,Adney, W. S.,Nimlos,MR.,Brady, J.W.,Foust, T. D. Biomass recalcitrance Engineering plants and enzymes for biofuels productiorL... 

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