Carbohydrates lignins

Nat. adhesives natural adhesives (tannin, lignin, carbohydrates). 

The conclusion that solid-state spectra provide evidence for a lignin-carbohydrate complex is of special interest. Solid-state spectra of lignin fractions obtained by ball milling and extraction with dimethyl sulfoxide exhibit carbohydrate signals and vice... 

CORNU A, BESLE J M, MOSONi p, GRENET E (1994) Lignin-carbohydrate complexes in forages structure and consequences in the ruminal degradation of cell-wall carbohydrates. Reprod Nutr Dev. 34 385-98. 

Toikka, M. Sipila, J. Teleman, A. Brunow, G. Lignin-carbohydrate model compounds. Formation of lignin-methyl arabinoside and lignin-methyl galactoside benzyl ethers via quinone methide intermediates. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1998, 1, 3813-3818. 

Wood cell wall, 21 4 cellulose in, 21 5-8 chemical composition of, 21 5-16 hemicelluloses in, 21 8-10 lignin-carbohydrate linkages in, 22 14-15... 

It is extremely difficult to extract lignin from wood. The reason for this is not merely that it is so intimately mixed with cellulose or even encased in cellulose membranes like starch granules. The reverse is truer the cellulose is embedded in a paste of lignin. The lignin is actually attached to the polysaccharides in plants by chemical bonds. Evidence for such lignin-carbohydrate bonds up to 1960 has been reviewed by Mere-... 

Bolker, H. I. A Lignin-Carbohydrate Bond ns Revealed by Infrared Spectroscopy. Nature 197, 489—490 (1963). 

Lignin—Carbohydrate Complexes from Poplar Wood... 

OVEREND AND JOHNSON Lignin—Carbohydrate Complexes from Poplar 271... 

Table I. Properties of Populus deltoides Lignin-carbohydrate Complexes...

Effect of Carbohydrate Table IV shows the effect of carbohydrates on the D.S. (%) of both lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC s) and DHP s... 

Figure 1. Formation of guaiacyl lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) via dehydrogenative polymerization of coniferyl alcohol.

We should note, also, that the lignin in the S2 layers is chemically bonded to the polysaccharide moiety (87-92). Such bonds occur not only in wood but may be formed during chemical pulping (93,94). Even if the lignin-carbohydrate bonds are restricted to the hemicelluloses (95), the regularity of these chain molecules will probably impose some non-randomness on the lignin structure. 

Structure and Properties of the Lignin—Carbohydrate Complex Polymer as an Amphipathic Substance... 

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