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Light collection efficiency

The maximum light collection efficiency (r = 0.5) is achieved when the emitting sample is in close contact with the detector. When the detector is coupled with a lens, the light collection efficiency may be much lower. [Pg.478]

Nondescanned detection splits off the fluorescence tight directly behind the microscope lens and directs it to a large-area detector. Consequently, acceptable light collection efficiency is obtained even for deep layers of highly scattering samples. Two-photon imaging with nondescanned detection can be used to image tissue layers several 100 pm (in extreme cases 1 mm) deep [85, 278, 344, 462, 534]. [Pg.133]

The ODMR technique has a distinct advantage in sensitivity over conventional EPR spectroscopy for measurements made on biological molecules. To begin with, in ODMR, the absorption or stimulated emission of microwave quanta is not detected directly, as is the case with EPR. Rather, the microwave quanta are converted to optical photons which are the detected entities. The quantum up-conversion by a factor of about 10 in energy results in greatly increased sensitivity over conventional EPR the actual attainable sensitivity depends on various factors such as phosphorescence quantum yield, the light collection efficiency, the decay characteristics of the triplet state, and other factors discussed later. [Pg.611]

The right-hand side of Eq. (24) contains only known constants or measured quantities. It is not necessary to know either or or the emission spectrum of any of the sources, or the exact light collection efficiency. Since R( H) is constant it follows that once... [Pg.297]

Photon energy resolution The overall scale of resolution is set by crystal quality, light collection efficiency and iinih i mity, and leakage fluctuations. When using... [Pg.16]

Light collection and transfer optics High light-collection efficiency and avoidance of artefacts are prime concerns in ROA. Fortunately, well-designed light collection optics can combine them both. [Pg.808]

The numerical aperture (more exactly the square of the numerical aperture) describes the light collection efficiency of an objective and thus determines resolution and sensitivity. The values of numerical apertures above unity can be reached only if one takes advantage of total internal reflection. For that purpose, the objective and object holder are connected by a medium with high index of refraction (e.g., an immersion oil or water). In this way light is refracted via the immersion medium towards the normal of the objective (Fig. 8.4). Hence a larger number of Airy diffraction orders reach the imaging system and thus the contrast increases. [Pg.204]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.33 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.393 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.386 ]




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