Light charge injection device

Color Plate 24 Polychromator for Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer with One Detector for All Elements (Section 21-4) Light emitted by a sample in the plasma enters the polychromator at the upper right and is dispersed vertically by a prism and then horizontally by a grating. The resulting two-dimensional pattern of wavelengths from 165 to 1 000 nm is detected by a charge injection device detector with 262 000 pixels. All elements are detected simultaneously. [Courtesy TJA Solutions, Franklin, MA.J... 

The measurements were performed using a Thermo Elemental IRIS Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). A 2 kW crystal-controlled radio frequency (RF) generator operating at 27.12 MHz powers the plasma source. An Echelle optical system with a 381-mm focal length diffracts the light from the plasma source before it is focused onto the Charge Injected Device (CID) camera detector [4]. 

More recently, charge-transfer devices, such as charge-coupled devices (CCDs) and charge-injection devices (ClDs), have been employed in Raman spectrometers. Figure 18-11 shows a fiber-optic Raman spectrometer that uses a CCD as a multichannel detector. Here, high-quality bandpass and band-rejection (notch) filters provide good stray light rejection. The CCD array can be a two-dimensional array or in some cases a linear array. 

The processes of charge injection, transport, and recombination dictate the recombination efficiency h(/), which is the fraction of injected electrons that recombine to give an exciton. The recombination efficiency, which is a function of the device current, plays a primaty role in determining the amount of emitted light, therefore determining the OLED figurcs-of-meril. For example, the quantum efficiency /y(/) (fraction of injected electrons that results in the emission of a photon from the device) is, to a first approximation, given by ... 

F. Nuesch, M. Carrara, M. Schaer, D.B. Romero, and L. Zuppiroli, The role of copper phtha-locyanine for charge injection into organic light-emitting devices, Chem. Phys. Lett., 347 311-317 (2001). 

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