Ligands biochemical applications

The biochemical applications of UV and visible spectroscopy are determination of concentrations, interactions of ligands with biomaaomolecules and conformational changes caused by experimental perturbations. The sensitivity of UV and visible spectra to the solvent environment of the chromophore leads to shifts in the absorption maximum and the absorption intensity, and it is the basis of solvent perturbation spectra in the structural studies of biomacromolecules (Donovan, 1969). The ideahzed development of environmental (solvent) contribution to the extinction coefficient of a chromophore is described by... 

Copper olefin complexes are usually generated by the direct reaction of a Cu(l) source, the ligand, and the corresponding olefin. Copper ethylene complexes are of interest in view of their biochemical importance,98,98a-98e their applications in organic chemistry,99,99a,99b and industrial applications.100 100 Because of this, many copper alkene complexes have been reported, with different nuclearity, in compounds with one, two, or even three C=C units coordinated to a given copper center. 

Campbell, P. G. C., Errecalde, O., Fortin, C., Hiriart-Baer, W. R. and Yigneault, B. (2002). Metal bioavailability to phytoplankton - applicability of the biotic ligand model, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 133, 189-206. 

J. J. Christensen. Metal-Ligand Heats and Related Thermodynamic Quantities by Titration Calorimetry. In Thermochemistry and Its Applications to Chemical and Biochemical Systems M. A. V. Ribeiro da Silva, Ed. NATO ASI Series C, Riedel Dordrecht, 1984 253-273. 

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