Ligands and ligates

In a model borrowed from the study of bacterial chemotaxis, it was initially proposed that OBPs not only solubilize specific pheromones, but trigger the olfactory receptors when bound to odorant molecules (Pelosi, 1994). Later, it was further hypothesized that electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions from both the bound ligand and ligated protein are necessary and sufficient for receptor activation (Prestwich and Du, 1997). To the best of my knowledge the protein-ligand complex model has never been tested in bacteria. Certainly, it is not... 

Chemical experience shows that transition metal (TM) ions in their higher oxidation states can be stabilized by ionic ligands and ligator atoms with large apparent electronegativities such as... 

It is noteworthy that, in the carboxamidate-ligated dirhodium(II) complexes (86), (87), and (89), the rhodium core is coordinated by four ligands and two N and two O atoms are bound to each rhodium center, constituting a unique coordination sphere (Figure 10).225... 

Ligand interchange in metal complexes can occur in two ways, either (a) by a combination of solvolysis and ligation e.g. ... 

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