Ligand substitution reactions bismuth

For the preparation of bismuth carboxylates, four methods are available (i) a substitution reaction of Bi-X bonds with carboxylate anions, (ii) the cleavage of Bi-C bonds in Ar3Bi with carboxylic acids, (iii) a ligand-exchange reaction of bismuth carboxylates with different earboxylic acids, (iv) the treatment of Bi203 with carboxylic acids. These four methods (i)-(iv) are denoted in Table 2.19 (i) as method A, (ii) as method B, (iii) and (iv) as method C, respectively. 

Nitrate anions can be substituted on bismuth nitrate by reaction with polyethylene glycols effecting deprotonation (or ionization) of one end of the ligand chain (101). Centrosymmetric dimers of the general form 29 are observed, with nitrate anions asymmetrically coordinated, staggered, and trans to one another [Bi-0 2.240(l)-2.28(2) A] in [Bi(N03)2(Heo3)]2, [Bi(N03)2(Heo4)]2(MeOH)2, and [Bi(N03)2... 

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