Lifetime-based sensing glucose

Figure 1.5. Noninvasive sensing of glucose. Within the optical window (650 nm-1300 nm), lifetime-based sensing by fluoresence is possible through the human skin.

Tolosa L, Gryczynski I, Eichhom LR, Dattelbaum JD, Castellano FN, Rao G, Lakowicz JR. Glucose sensor for low-cost lifetime-based sensing using a genetically engineered protein. Analytical Biochemistry 1999, 267, 114—120. 

Tolosa L, Szmacinski H, Rao G, Lakowicz JR. Lifetime-based sensing of glucose using energy transfer with a long lifetime donor. Analytical Biochemistry 1997, 250, 102-108. 

Lakowicz, J.R. and H. Szmacinski, Fluorescence lifetime-based sensing of pH, Ca2 plus, Kplus and glucose. Sensors Actuators B-Chemical, 1993(1-3) p. 133-143. 

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