Engineering lifecycle

Today, the principles of holistic balancing are used to analyze and evaluate such examples correctly [68, 69], see also Sect. Holistic balancing (lifecycle engineering) in Chap. Plastics and Structural Components - The Environment and Recycling. ... 

Fig. 10 System of holistic balancing (or lifecycle engineering (LCE)) (IKP, Stuttgart University)...

Holistic balancing (lifecycle engineering of technical, economic, and environmental aspects) is now the established method used by major producers as a method of weak point analysis during the product development phase. 

Facility System Safety (FSS), which is the application of system safety concepts to the facility acquisition process, has recently gained acceptance throughout the Department of Defense and most recently within the Department of Army with the conception of SAFEARMY 1990. The Army s goal is to fully integrate the total system safety, human factors, and health hazard assessments into continuous comprehensive evaluation of selected systems and facilities. The Chemical Research Development and Engineering Center (CRDEC) has mandated appropriate levels of system safety throughout the lifecycle of facility development for many reasons. These include ... 

Ogden, J., Williams, R., Larson, E. (2004). Societal lifecycle costs of cars with alternative fuels/engines. Energy Policy 32, 7-27. 

This section provides an introductory overview of some of the concepts and ideas that underlie the development of sustainable design approaches. This overview is followed by a discussion of cradle-to-cradle design, a lifecycle-based approach to material assessment and product design, and a brief discourse on the emerging principles of sustainable engineering. These correspond to some of the emerging... 

The value of backup power is as much as three to four times the value of primary power on a kilowatt basis. For example, the lifecycle cost of the backup power systems found at the base of a cell tower, which now consists of a bank of lead acid batteries and a diesel or natural gas fired combustion engine, is between 3000 and 4000 per kW. Critical power facilities for data processing centers and the like are also in this cost range. The simple fact is that customers need electricity and will pay a considerable insurance premium to obtain assurance of uninterruptible power. In the case of cellular phone service providers, their federal FCC license may be at risk if they are unable to demonstrate adequate operating capability in the event of grid outages. 

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