Life of Ammunition with Pyrotechnic Devices

The screening efficiency of a smoke cloud is generally measured in a smoke chamber. 

As most military smoke systems have limited volume, the effectiveness of the system also depends on the density (p) of the obscurant material. The greater the density, the greater the number of scattering particles available. The overall effectiveness of an obscurant material or formulation at a particular wavelength is given by the Equation 5.30  

Based on higher TOP, yield factor and screening efficiency values, it can be safely concluded that WP and RP are better screening agents than HC and other screening agents. 

Natural (primary environment) Induced (secondary environment) 

A = A constant which is independent of temperature a = Activation energy R = Universal gas constant T = Temperature in kelvin 

---