Lewisite physical properties

Lewisite [L or L-1 dichloro(2-chlorovinyl) arsine] is an arsenical vesicant developed early in the 20th century. Lewisite occurs as cis- and tranx-isomers the typical ratio being 10 90. Several impiuities including 6w(2-chlorovinyl) chloroarsine (L-2) and tnY(2-chlorovinyl)arsine (L-3) are typically present. The chemical and physical properties of the cis- and tranj-isomers are similar. 

Environmental Fate. When manufactured by normal processes, commercial lewisite is composed of cis and trans isomers in the ratio of 10 90 and several impurities including bis(2- chlorovinyl)chloroarsine and tris(2-chlorovinyl)ar-sine (Rosenblatt et al. 1975). The chemical and physical properties of the two isomers are similar. 

Figure 2.4 provides the structures and chemical names of selected blister agents and Table 2.4 lists the chemical and physical properties of blister agents. All blister agents are liquids at 20°C, with characteristic odors. The mustards are colorless to amber-colored, and lewisite ranges from a clear to brown liquid. HD, HN-3, and L are lower in VP than HN-1 and HN-2. The vapor density of each of the blister agents is heavier than air. 

A. General. Due to its physical and chemical properties, lewisite can easily penetrate the skin, where it exerts its vesicant action. A distinctive stinging pain is felt in 10 to 20 seconds after contact with the skin. It can spread through the whole body and act as an arsenical poison. 

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