Lewis electron-dot diagrams

Simple molecules such as water follow the octet rule, in which eight electrons surround the central atom. Each hydrogen atom shares two electrons with the oxygen, forming the familiar structure with two bonds the O atom accommodates two bonding pairs and two lone pairs  

Shared electrons are considered to contribute to the electronic requirements of both atoms involved thus, the electron pairs shared by H and O in the water molecule are counted toward both the 8-electron requirement of oxygen and the 2-electron requirement of hydrogen. 

The Lewis model defines double bonds as containing four electrons and triple bonds as containing six electrons  

A more detailed approach to electron-dot diagrams is presented in Appendix D. 

Some bonds are double bonds, containing four electrons, or triple bonds, containing six electrons  

---

The discussion in Section 5.2 showed that the transfer of valence electrons is very important in ionic bonding. Section 5.5 will show that their sharing is very important in covalent bonding. The Lewis electron dot diagram is a way to picture the transfer or sharing of valence electrons that aids in undearstanding both processes. Keep in mind, however, that electron dot diagrams are simplified representations of atoms and not true pictures. 

Lewis electron dot diagram (5.3) A pictorial model of an atom, molecule, or ion consisting of the symbol(s) for element(s) and dots representing the valence electrons. 

Write a Lewis electron dot diagram for phosphoryl chloride, POCI3 (Fig. 3.15). Assign formal charges to all the atoms. 

Draw Lewis electron dot diagrams for the following species (a) AsFda (b) HOCl (c) KrF (d) PO2CI2 (central P atom). 

An important prediction comes from the correlation diagrams in Figure 6.15. Hund s rules require that, in the gronnd state, the electrons occupy different orbitals and have parallel spins thns, B2 and O2 are predicted to be paramagnetic. This paramagnetism is exactly what is found experimentally (Fig. 6.17). In contrast, in the Lewis electron dot diagram for O2,... 

Draw a Lewis electron dot diagram for each of the following molecules and ions. Formulate the hybridization for the central atom in each case and give the molecular geometry. 

Draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram for the disilicate ion (Si207 ). What changes in this structure would be necessary to produce the structure of the pyrophosphate ion (P207 ) and the pyrosulfate ion (8207 ) What is the analogous compound of chlorine ... 

Draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram for the cyclosilicate ion (SigOis ), which forms part of the structures of beryl and emerald. 

This chapter provides a substantial introduction to molecular structure by coupling experimental observation with interpretation through simple classical models. Today, the tools of classical bonding theory—covalent bonds, ionic bonds, polar covalent bonds, electronegativity, Lewis electron dot diagrams, and VSEPR Theory—have all been explained by quantum mechanics. It is a matter of taste whether to present the classical theory first and then gain deeper insight from the... 

Draw Lewis electron dot diagrams for each of the following covalent molecules. (Chapter 9)... 

Draw Lewis electron dot diagrams for the hydrides of strontium and sulfur. Actively using your diagrams and a table of electronegativities (see Figure 9.9), determine the oxidation state of the hydrogen in each case. Provide a name for each hydride. 

---