Leontodon autumnalis

Pushparaj, P.N., H.K. Low, J. Manikandan, B.K. Tan, and C.H. Tan. 2007. Anti-diabetic effects of Cichorium intybus in streptozoto-cin-induced diabetic rats. /. Ethnopharmacol. lll(2) 430-434. Pyrek, J.S.T. 1985. Sesquiterpene lactones of Cichorium intybus and Leontodon autumnalis. Phytochemistry 24 186-188. 

Extracts of Leontodon autumnalis were characterized from their sesquiterpenoids (crepidiaside A and B, 15-glucopyranosyloxy-2-oxoguaia-3,ll(13)-dien-la,5a, 6j ,7a,10a//-12,6-olide and four related compounds) using a complex 35-min 88/12-> 40/60 water/acetonitrile gradient on a Cjs colunm (phototdiode array detector, k = 220-260 nm). Peak shapes were excellent and resolution was good overall [1134]. 

Aegopodium podagraria Glechoma hederacea Senecio vulgaris Leontodon autumnalis... 

Most ferns contain sizable quantities of phenolics and tannins so their role in ferns acclimation should not be surprising. However, similar phenolics-elevation trends have been observed in angiosperms in which phenolics metabolism is less important (e.g. Fiussello et al., 1979 Bachereau et al., 1998). For example, recent evidence on the genus Leontodon (Asteraceae) performance in an ample altitudinal range (0 - 3000 m asl) in the European Alps, reveal various sources of variation in their phenolics expression specific plant organ (e.g. in the ligules of flower heads), population, and individuals within a population, season, and elevation (Zidorn and Stuppner, 2001). However, not all phenolic constituents responded similarly. While flavonoids in flower heads of L. helveticus and L. autumnalis followed a clear incremental trend with altitude, phenolic acids remained relatively constant along the transect in L. hispidus. Specific flavonoids also varied within individuals. 

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