Length crossing

Standard- length designation A, AA Standard datum lengths cross-section B, BX C, CX D Permissible deviations from std. dantum length Matching limits for one set... 

Table 1 Estimates of the Length, Cross-Sectional Areas, and Linear Velocities of Airways Indicating the Geometry and Dynamics of Discrete Regions of the Lungs... 

Grabarek, Z., and Gergely, J. (1990) Zero-length cross-linking procedure with the use of active esters. Anal. Biochem. 185, 131-135. 

Fig. 10. Probability of chain of n links each of length ( crossing a cube of side a as function of al( /n)...

Woodward s reagent K is N-ethyl-3-phenylisoxazolium-3 -sulfonate, a zero-length cross-linking agent able to cause the condensation of carboxylates and amines to form amide bonds (Woodward et al., 1961 Woodward and Olofson, 1961). The reaction... 

Since activated molecules and cross-links formed between two species are identical to those formed using SPDP, it is of little advantage to use PDTP. Furthermore, an EDC-mediated reaction of the carboxylate end of the cross-linker with amine groups on proteins can cause concomitant zero-length cross-linking and polymerization of protein molecules. For these reasons, SPDP is the better choice for preparing conjugates. 

Transformation from laminar to turbulent flow is characterized by a significant value of a dimensionless quantity known as Reynolds number (Re). Reynolds number relates inertial and viscous forces as represented in Equation 4.2 where p is the fluid density, vs is the fluid velocity, I is the characteristic length (cross section flow in a channel) and p is the fluid viscosity. 

Zero-length cross-linkers are reactive molecules that activate functional groups on surfaces without any chain elongation or incorporation in molecules that have to be attached. In this approach, all reactive surface modifications, for example aldehydes, epoxy-groups, and halogenated surfaces are also termed zero-length cross-linkers. 

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