Leguminosae anthocyanins

Altogether 36 anthocyanins with one or two acetyl groups have been identified (Appendix A). The number given in parenthesis shows the number of anthocyanins reported as novel pigments in species in the various families Verbenaceae (8), Liliaceae (5), Geraniaceae (6), Vitaceae (5), Nymphaeaceae (5), Alliaceae (1), Theaceae (1), Rutaceae (1), Melastomataceae (1), Labiatae (1), Leguminosae (1), and Blechnaceae (1). 

More than 60 different anthocyanins have been identified in species belonging to the family Leguminosae (Figure 10.15). In the period of this review, 17 novel anthocyanins have been reported from this family, of which 13 are from Clitoria Blue petals of... 

FIGURE 10.15 The structures represent a general presentation of all the anthocyanins identified in each of the families Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Orchidaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Solanaceae. See Table 10.2 for abbreviations. 

The majority of the plant pigments hitherto isolated from woods in pure form are the flavonoids, such as flavone, flavanone, isoflavone, isoflavanone, pterocar-pane, and chalcone derivatives, along with the phenols stilbene and xanthone, which are almost white or yellow in color. Other flavonoids such as aurone and neoflavone derivatives (orange pigments) have a limited distribution and sometimes occur as wood extractives in species of the Anacardiaceae and Leguminosae (4, 7). The presence of the typical anthocyanin derivatives of flowers and fruits is extremely rare in wood, but their leuco-compounds such as flavan-3-ol and flavan-3,4-diol have been found to occur in the wood of a considerable number of tree species (14). Besides anthocyanidin, the few other deep-colored (red, purple, or blue) pigments from woods usually possess a quinone structure. 

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