Lawrencium electronic configurations

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The actinide elements consist of the 15 elements from actinium to lawrencium. Their outer electronic configurations are given in Table 8.6. 

The use of the continuation of the periodic table, the predicted electronic configurations, and the trends which become obvious from the calculations plus the semiempirical and empirical methods, allows us to offer some detailed predictions of the properties of the elements beyond lawrencium (Z = 103) (S5). Of course, these elements will first be produced at best on a one atom at a time basis, and they offer little hope of ultimate production in the macroscopic quantities that would be required to verify some of these predictions. However, many of the predicted specific macroscopic properties, as well as the more general properties predicted for the other elements, can stiU be useful in designing tracer experiments for the chemical identification of any of these elements that might be synthesized. 

Nobelium is a member of the actinide series of elements. The ground state electron configuration is assumed to be (Rn)5fl47s2, by analogy with the equivalent lanthanide element ytterbium ([Kr]4fl46s2) there has never been enough nobelium made to experimentally verify the electronic configuration. Unlike the other actinide elements and the lanthanide elements, nobelium is most stable in solution as the dipositive cation No ". Consequently its chemistry resembles that of the much less chemically stable dipositive lanthanide cations or the common chemistry of the alkaline earth elements. When oxidized to No, nobelium follows the well-estabhshed chemistry of the stable, tripositive rare earth elements and of the other tripositive actinide elements (e.g., americium and curium), see also Actinium Berkelium Einsteinium Fermium Lawrencium Mendele-vium Neptunium Plutonium Protactinium Ruthereordium Thorium Uranium. 

Discuss the possible electronic configurations of elements 118 and 154. Predict their chemical behavior by extrapolation of known properties of their lower homologs in the periodic table. For simplicity, an abbreviated notation such as [Rn]6d 7s maybe used to describe the electronic configuration of element 89 (actinium). Using the (n+C) rule as a guide, work out the electronic configuration of element 103 (lawrencium) and proceed from there. 

The last row of elements begins with francium (Z = 87 electron configuration [Rn]7s ) 2nd radium (Z = 88 electron configuration [Rn]7s ), and then continues with the actinide series, hich starts at actinium (Z = 89) and ends with nobelium (Z = 102). The actinide series has rartially filled 5/and/or 6d subshells. The elements lawrencium (Z = 103) through darmstadtium Z = 110) have a filled 5/subshell and are characterized by the filling of the 6d subshell. 

The ground state configuration of lawrencium (Lr) is not empirically known, but predicted and it may not have a 6d-electron but a 6p-electron according to more recent calculations. In that case, lawrencium would form another exception to the Madelung rule. 

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