Lavoisier, Antoine element list

In the late 1790s, French scientist Antoine, Lavoisier compiled a list of elements known at the time. The list contained 23 elements. Many of these elements, such as silver, gold, carbon, and oxygen, were known since prehistoric times. The 1800s brought many changes to the world, including an explosion in the number of known elements. The advent of electricity, which was used to break compounds down into their component elements, and the development of the spectrometer, which was used to identify the newly isolated elements, played major roles in the advancement of chemistry. So did the industrial revolution... 

By the late eighteenth century, European investigators had isolated and named almost two dozen different elements that is, substances which could not be broken down by any method they tried. In 1789, a French chemist named Antoine Lavoisier published a textbook in which he listed the twenty-three elements known at that time. The more scientists studied and experimented, the longer the list of basic elements grew. 

When the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier published his famous list of elements in 1789, there were only 33 elements, several of which were erroneous. By 1930, the diligent labors of thousands of chemists had increased the tally of naturally occurring chemical elements to 90. More recently, physicists in high-energy laboratories have been able to create about 20 highly radioactive, unstable elements that do not exist naturally on Earth, although they are probably produced in the hot cores of some stars. 

Figure 2 A listing of the chemical elements according to Antoine-Lanrent Lavoisier. From his book Tmite Elementaire de Chimie of 1789...

When the study of matter became more systematic, the number of known elements started to rise, from the handful of pure substances known to ancient people to the dozens recognized by the time of Antoine Lavoisier in the eighteenth century. Lavoisier and his followers reformed chemistry, partly on the basis of detailed work to clarify the definition of what an element was and partly through careful experiments to identify the characteristics of the known elements. While this work was vital, it actually complicated the situation, as the list of elements continued to grow. Most chemists felt that there had to be some system behind the existence of so many elements, but no one could... 

Carbon is an important element in the periodic table, which was believed to be discovered in prehistoric times, mostly present in the form of soot and charcoal in earliest human civilization. In early 2500 BC, diamond was found in China whereas charcoal was prepared during Roman times [33]. It was Antoine Lavoisier who listed carbon as an element in his 1789 textbook, and subsequently different allotropic forms of it were discovered. 

French chemist Antoine Lavoisier made the first list of elements. The list included the elements known at the time. Among them were light and heat. We now know these are not elements. Lavoisier also defined what an... 

One of the most important parts of chemical theory is the division of substances into the two classes elementaiy substances and compounds. This division was achieved in 1787 by the French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794), on the basis of the quantitative studies that he had made during the preceding fifteen years of the masses of the substances (reactants and products) involved in chemical reactions. Lavoisier defined a compound as a substance that can be decomposed into two or more other substances, and an elementary substance (or element) as a substance that can not be decomposed. In his Traite Elemen-taire de Clumie [Elementary Treatise on Chemistry], published in 1789. he listed 33 elements, including 10 that had not yet been isolated as elementary substances, but were known as oxides, the compound nature of which was correctly surmised by Lavoisier. Since the discovery of the electron and the atomic nucleus the definitions of elementary substances and compounds have been revised in the ways presented in the following paragraphs. 

---