Lattice, local defects diamond

For both nanotubes, the majority of the gauche defects are localized to the region of the monolayer adjacent to and under the nanotube (Figure 6). The small radius of the nanotube allows it to slice into the monolayer, interacting with a small number of hydrocarbon chains. Thus, the defects are localized near the tip. (This is true irrespective of the length of the w-alkane chains within the monolayer being indented (39)). The shape of the tip is intimately linked to the location of the defects. When the tip is extended to an infinite hydrogen-terminated diamond lattice, the defects were localized to the ends of the alkane chains (43). 

Contrary to bulk diamond, the spin density is increased by sample purification because the treatment, for example, with concentrated oxidizing mineral acids, removes the graphitic layer from the surface of the nanoparticles (Section 5.3.4). In this way new, unsaturated bonding sites are generated. A part of the spin density, however, is localized in the crystal lattice for nanodiamond as well, and again nitrogen centers and other defects give rise to the unpaired electrons. 

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