Lateral propagation

Pit morphology is particularly interesting. The major depression is cavernous and shows lateral propagation. However, only a small weeping perforation is present. It is tempting to speculate that once the pipe wall was breached, air in the vicinity of the perforation limited anaerobic activity, thus producing the laterally propagating pit. 

Desired chemical functionality may also be introduced into SA monolayers via in situ cleavage of unsaturated surfactants. Crown-ether-complexed potassium permanganate was shown to break the carbon-carbon double bonds in the substrate-immobilized, unsaturated surfactants and to convert them to carboxyl groups. Slow lateral propagation of this bond breaking resulted in the formation of shorter monolayers with exposed terminal moieties (Fig. 22) [195]. 

Fig. 5. Schematic of the lateral propagation of a through-scale crack in the scale.

E very part of the caudex cun germinate. A triple tree by ingraft- ment. A lateral vegetable mule produced by three parents. Conferva fontino is. 2. Lateral propagation of polypus, and hydra... 

Sawano, A., Takayama, S., Matsuda, M., and Miyawaki, A., Lateral propagation of EGF signaling after local stimulation is dependent on receptor density, Dev Cell, 3, 245, 2002. 

Occurrence of monocrystalline, epitactic nuclei on the metal surface and the spread of these nnclei throngh lateral propagation... 

We also performed a detailed analysis of the probabilities obtained with vibrationally excited H2. Our findings are similar to those discussed above the difference between the coupled- and uncoupled-surface results is very small. We notice that for vibrationally excited H2 a relatively larger fraction of the WP traverses to the upper adiabatic sheet during the reaction. For instance, 1% and 1.6% of the WP traverse to the upper cone during the reaction for v = 1 and v = 2, respectively. Also, the population maximum occurs at a slightly later propagation time upon vibrational excitation. ... 

Note that the 8 values on an internal node may be computed based on the 8 values of the superior nodes, which is the theoretical reason for evaluating in the first place the errors of the output layer, and later propagating these errors... 

Figure 3. Critical stages in wear and rolling contact fatigue. (1) Material subject to rolling-sliding contact may detach as wear debris, or (2) small cracks may develop. (3) Early propagation of cracks will be in the near surface plastically deformed material. (4) Later propagation will be driven by contact stress and fluid pressurisation of the cracks in deeper, elastic, material. (5) As the crack extends it may branch and be driven by rail bending stress. (6) Eventual rail failure occurs by fast fracture after a critical crack length is reached.

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