Lateral combs

Lateral combs exploit variation in electrode overlap rather than spacing. Fig. 6.1.7 shows a typical arrangement. A differentia interface can be realized with combs on either side of a mechanical structure. Since the structure moves in the direction of the fingers, displacements in lateral combs are not limited by the gap between electrodes. 

The penalty for using lateral combs is reduced sensitivity compared to parallel-plate type interfaces for a given spacing x... 

Since, in most cases, the nominal overlap Xo is much larger than the displacement x, parallel-plate interfaces have considerably larger sensitivity. Lateral combs are most often used for actuation where large range is required or in electromechanical oscillators, where the position-dependence of the negative spring of parallel-plate interfaces introduces nonlinearity [13]. Parallel-plate structures are usually preferred for maximum displacement resolution. 

Lateral combs also exert a vertical uplift on the structure, an effect that can be used in situations where such a force is needed but electrodes above the structure are not available [4], An appropriately engineered ground plane underneath the comb reduces the effect when it is not desired [14]. 

Later Combs et al. [74] reported a general and mild method for the N-arylation of sulfonamides on solid supports. Copper acetate, triethylamine-mediated coupling of arylboronic acids at room temperature to solid-supported sulfonamides gave good to excellent yields of the desired N-arylsulfonamides. Sulfonamide bond cleavage of the 0, p-dinitrobenzene(N-aryl) sulfonamide provides a route to N-arylated secondary amine products. 

Subclass fiO, combs with one row of side chains. Hardouin and his colleagues call these side-end-fixed polymers . Usually there is a flexible tail beyond the mesogen. Sometimes there are two tails growing out of the mesogen first forked MLCs were synthesized " and later combs with forked tails. Many thermotropic eO PLCs are discussed in Chapter 7 by Simmonds, while lyotropic ones are covered in Chapter 5 by Hall and Tiddy. 

Addendum. In a later paper Manske and Marion report on L. annotinum var. acrifolium Fern., which they suggest should be raised to specific rank as L. acrifolium (Fern.) N. Comb., since its alkaloidal com stituents differ from those of L. annotinum. It contains annotinine as the... 

Two workers collapsed while inside a tank that was later found to contain a 0.1-0.3% EDB solution. Removed after 20-45 minutes in the tank, one man was intermittently comatose, and the other was delirious and combative. Both experienced vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and burning of the eyes and throat. Metabolic acidosis and acute renal and hepatic failure ensured. Death occurred 12 and 64 hours later, respectively, despite supportive measures. 

Malathion is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is hydrolyzed and inactivated by plasma carboxylesterases much faster in humans than in insects, thereby providing a therapeutic advantage in treating pediculosis (see Chapter 7). Malathion is available as a 0.5% lotion (Ovide) that should be applied to the hair when dry 4-6 hours later, the hair is combed to remove nits and lice. 

Biradially symmetrical with eight meridional bands of swimming combs with two lateral tentacles but without... 

Considerations by V. Shibaev and N. Plate (see this issue) led to a similar conclusion. Investigations on comb like polymers26), where each monomer unit of the macromolecule carried a non-branched alkyl chain of m methylene groups, have shown that for m > 8 side chain crystallization takes place independently to the main chain conformation. Consequently, if mesogenic molecules are linked to the side chains, they should occupy a l.c. order without influence of the backbone conformation. Following these considerations, alkyl chain lengths m > 8 are necessary for the formation of the l.c. order. As shown later, however, nearly only smectic polymers are possible under these conditions (see Chap. 2.3.3.). 

The beautiful L2/3 layer has been adopted for fine art patterns, architectural designs, and even by bees for honey comb. Later we will consider examples of L2/3 layers involving graphite structures (see Section 4.4.3). 

A three-dimensional device was obtained by an hybrid assembly of comb-like multishank electrodes. The final structure resembled a bed of nails [69,70]. The array contains 256 electrodes with a lateral and horizontal spacing of 120 pm and 150 pm, respectively (Fig. 10). The assembly was sealed with glass and was implanted into the subarachnoidal space without any significant tissue damage. 

Small paper wasp colonies, as in Polistes dominulus, have the advantage that egg replacement can be easily tracked due to their location in a cell of the comb (Liebig et al., 2005). Replacement of eggs can be identified when an individual lays an egg in a cell in which another individual has already laid an egg. When these cells were controlled later, usually only a single egg was found. 

---