Laser ions samarium

The commercially important samarium-containing minerals are treated with concentrated sulfuric acid or, in the case of monazite, with a solution of sodium hydroxide (73%) at approximately 40°C (104°E) and under pressure. The element is separated from the solutions via solvent extraction or ion exchange. Sm salts are weakly yellow and may exhibit ion emission. Sm ions show luminescence and are sometimes used to generate lasers. Samarium is used in the manufacture of headphones and tape drivers, see ALSO Cerium Dysprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium Neodymium Praseodymium Promethium Terbium Ytterbium. 

Recently, a novel rf-laser double resonance method for optical heterodyne detection of sublevel coherence phenomena was introduced. This so-called Raman heterodyne technique relies on a coherent Raman process being stimulated by a resonant rf field and a laser field (see Fig.l(a)). The method has been applied to impurity ion solids for studying nuclear magnetic resonances at low temperature3 5 and to rf resonances in an atomic vapor /, jn this section we briefly review our results on Raman heterodyne detection of rf-induced resonances in the gas phase. As a specific example, we report studies on Zeeman resonances in a J=1 - J =0 transition in atomic samarium vapor in the presence of foreign gas perturbers. 

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