Laser contraindications

Apraclonidine is contraindicated in patients sensitive to clonidine and those taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Caution should be exercised in patients with severe cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. The possibility of vasovagal episodes exists during laser surgery, particularly in patients with a history of such events. 

The indications and contraindications for laser ablation, and the main complications and methods of follow-up are the same as for radiofrequency ablation and microwave coagulation. The procedures are usually guided with CT or ultrasound although MR is sometimes used as well. By inserting up to eight fibres simultaneously it is possible to achieve confluent necrosis of 6-7 cm in diameter. The ultimate burn size is governed by the tumour vascularity and by the vasodilatory response of surrounding normal liver parenchyma. 

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