Laser analytical spectroscopy

Lasers represent a special type of light source [16], [21], [60], [61]. They are used in trace analysis by fluorescence measurement or laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) (- Laser Analytical Spectroscopy) [62] - [64], in high-resolution spectroscopy, and in polarimetry for the detection of very small amounts of materials. Lasers can be of the gas. solid, or dye type [21]. In dye lasers, solutions of dyes are pumped optially by another laser or a flash lamp and then show induced emi.s-sion in some regions of their fluorescence bands. By tuning the resonator the decoupled dye laser line can be varied to a limited extent, so that what may be termed sequential laser spectrometers can be constructed [65]. In modern semiconductor lasers, pressure and temperature can also be used to detune the emission wavelength by 20-30nm [66], [67]. 

Laser-Enhanced Ionization Spectrometry (- Laser Analytical Spectroscopy)... 

---