Larynx oedema

These are probably the commonest type of drug allergy. Reactions may be generalised, but frequently are worst in and around the external area of administration of the drug. The eyelids, lips and face are usually most affected. They are usually accompanied by itching. Oedema of the larynx is rare but may be fatal. They respond to adrenaline (epinephrine) (i.m. if urgent), ephedrine, Hj-receptor antihistamine and adrenal steroid. 

Rhinorrhoca, often profuse, is commonly seen after vapour exposure. Epistaxis may occur in severely affected patients. Inflammation and ulceration of the palate, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx follow, the voice becomes hoarse and temporary aphonia may occur. Reports from World War I suggest that laryngeal oedema and/or spasm sufficiently severe to necessitate tracheostomy occurred very seldom. 

Ingestion will cause immediate burning of the mouth and throat. The larynx may also be burned causing oedema and airway obstruction. Inhalation may cause irritation of eyes and nose with sore throat, cough, chest tightness, headache, ataxia and confusion. Dermal exposure to dilute acid solutions produces coagulation bums which may be self-limiting and superficial with the destruction of the surface epithelium and submucosa. More concentrated acids, especially hydrofluoric, may produce deep bums that lead to systemic absorption and... 

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