Laplace, Simon

Pierre Simon Laplace, the most influential of the French mathematician-scientists of his time, made many important contributions to celestial mechanics, the theory of heat, the mathematical theoiyi of probability, and other branches of pure and applied mathematics. lie was born into a Normandy family... 

Gillespie, C. C. (1997). Pierre-Simon Laplace. Princeton NJ Princeton University Press. 

PieiK Simon de Laplace, French astronomer and mathematician (1749-1827). 

After Lavoisier had developed his theory of combustion, he was able to go a step further. First, with the assistance of the physicist Simon Laplace, he repeated Cavendish s experiment by burning hydrogen and oxygen in a closed vessel. Next, he passed steam over red-hot iron and found that it could be decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen again. Clearly, water was not an element. It was a compound formed from two gaseous elements. 

Kerre-Simon Laplace, Marquis de Laplace, 1749-1827. French natural scientist. 

The research for which Gay-Lussac is perhaps most famous involves the experiments with gases he completed early in his scientific career. Upon graduation from the Ecole in 1800, he remained Berthollet s assistant and a frequent guest at his country house at Arcueil, near Paris. With the encouragement of Berthollet, mathematician Pierre-Simon de Laplace, and others, Gay-Lussac began his own research in the winter of 1801 and 1802. 

Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier and Pierre Simon Laplace, Memoire sur la chaleur, Memoires de I Acaddmie Royale des Sciences (1780, published 1784), plates 1 and 2. 

Historians have paid due attention to Lavoisier s collaboration with Laplace Henry Guerlac, Chemistry as a Branch of Physics Laplace s Collaboration with Laviosier, Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 7, 1976, 193-276 Luis M. R. Saraiva, Laplace, Lavoisier and the Quantification of Heat, Physis 34, 1997, 99-137 Charles Coulston Gillispie, Pierre-Simon Laplace, 1749-1827 (Princeton University Press, 1997), 101-108. Lavoisier s work on metallic precipitation has been largely ignored. (For an exception, see Maurice Daumas, Les conceptions de Lavoisier sur les affinites chimiques et la constitutoin de la matiere, Thales, 1949-50, 69-80.)... 

Gillispie, Charles Coulston. Bierre-Simon Laplace, 1749-1827 A Life in Exact Science (Princeton University Press, 1997). 

The ice calorimeter, designed by Pierre Simon de Laplace, was first employed by Lavoisier during winter, 1782/83. Heat from the reaction vessel was measured by the quantity of ice in the surrounding metal jacket that melted and was collected as water. Lavoisier and Laplace measured the heat given off by many chemical processes, including the combustion of charcoal. They also measured the heat produced by a living guinea pig. 

IPSL Tokyo, Japan Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France... 

Ocean Carbon-Cycle Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace. 

Pierre Simon, Marquis de Laplace, bom Mar. 23, 1749, in Beaumount-en-Auge, Normandy, France, died Mar. 5,1827, in Paris. 

The development in celestial mechanics after Newton was largely in the hands of the French mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827). The stability of the solar system was the major unsolved problem. Neither Kepler s laws nor Newton s mechanics could be applied successfully to more than a single orbit at a time. The imiversal law of gravitation must clearly apply to any pair of celestial bodies and with several planets and moons circling the sun it is inevitable that mutual perturbations of the predicted perfect elliptical orbits should occur. Newton himself could never precisely model not even the lunar motion and concluded that divine intervention was periodically necessary to maintain the equilibrium of the solar system. 

Lavoisier was convinced that life was supported by some process that was akin to combustion, for we breathe in air rich in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide, but breathe out air that is lower in oxygen and considerably richer in carbon dioxide. He and a co-worker, Pierre Simon de Laplace (1749-1827) —who was later to become a famous astronomer— attempted to measure the oxygen taken in and the carbon dioxide given ofL by animals. The results were puzzling, for some of the oxygen that was inhaled did not appear in the carbon dioxide exhaled. 

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