Lap worth

Albert Kirrmann and Charles Prevost Charles Prevost Arthur Lap worth... 

Ibid., 453 Martin D. Saltzman, "Sir Robert Robinson" 543548, on 543 from Robinson s obituary notice of Lap worth. 

Obtained in 72 per cent yield by using twit c the calculated amounts of ammonia and hydrotyaiik aiid with acetone. Crocker and Lap worth, J Chem Soc, IQ31, 1 0i i4O3-... 

Lap worth A (1903) XCVI—Reactions involving the addition of hydrogen cyanide to carbon compounds. J Chem Soc 83 995-1005... 

Rather than direct reaction with an aldehyde or ketone, the bisulfite addition product is often treated with cyanide. The addition is nucleophilic and the actual nucleophile is CN, so the reaction rate is increased by the addition of base. " " This was demonstrated by Lap worth in 1903, and consequently this was one of the first organic mechanisms to be known. This method is especially useful for aromatic aldehydes, since it avoids competition from the benzoin condensation. If desired, it is possible to hydrolyze the cyanohydrin in situ to the corresponding a-hydroxy acid. This reaction is important in the Kiliani-Fischer method of extending the carbon chain of a sugar. 

Our UNDERSTANDING OF THE REACTIONS of popular reagents dates back to the early 1920s, when Lewis, Lowry, and Br nsted began developing their acid-base theories. Shortly thereafter, Lap worth, who had pioneered the study of carbonyl addition reaction mechanisms in the early 1900s, proposed the classification of polar reagents into the classes we know today as electrophiles and nucleophiles. 

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