Perovskites lanthanum manganite-based

The relatively high cost and lack of domestic supply of noble metals has spurred considerable efforts toward the development of nonnoble metal catalysts for automobile exhaust control. A very large number of base metal oxides and mixtures of oxides have been considered, especially the transition metals, such as copper, chromium, nickel, manganese, cobalt vanadium, and iron. Particularly prominent are the copper chromites, which are mixtures of the oxides of copper and chromium, with various promoters added. These materials are active in the oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons, as well as in the reduction of NO in the presence of CO (55-59). Rare earth oxides, such as lanthanum cobaltate and lanthanum lead manganite with Perovskite structure, have been investigated for CO oxidation, but have not been tested and shown to be sufficiently active under realistic and demanding conditions (60-63). Hopcalities are out-... 

The oxygen reduction reaction occurs at the cathode. Nearly all candidate cathode materials are based on perovskite oxides such as lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM). However, the oxygen reduction reaction is particularly affected by lower operating temperatures with kinetics and transport processes that are thermally activated. The development of materials with higher electrochemical activities for the oxygen reduction reaction is critical for the development of IT-SOFCs with higher efficiencies. 

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