Lambert atomic spectroscopy

Absorption spectroscopy records depletion by the sample of radiant energy from a continuous or frequency-tunable source, at resonance frequencies that are characteristic of various energy levels ia atoms or molecules. The basic law of absorption, credited to Bouguer-Lambert-Beer, states that ia terms of the iacident, Jq, and transmitted, light iatensities, the absorbance, M (or transmittance, T), is given by equation 1 ... 

Lambert, J. B. and C. D. McLaughlin (1978), Analysis of early Egyptian glass by atomic absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in Carter, G. F. (ed.), Archaeological Chemistry, Advances in Chemistry Series, Vol. 2, ACS, New York. 

Atomic absorption follows an exponential relationship between the intensity / of transmitted light and the absorption path length 1, which is similar to Lambert s law in molecular spectroscopy ... 

Figure 6. Coordinate system (a) and nodal surfaces (b) and (c) for a saturated ketone R—CO—R. The nodal plane (XZ) of the n orbital (b) bisects the R—C—R angle and is perpendicular to the plane of the ketone. The nodal surfaces of the x orbital (c) where the plane of the carbonyl group is a nodal plane (YZ, horizontal) and there is another nodal surface (A, vertical), not necessarily a plane, perpendicular to the C=0 axis and intersecting it between the carbon and oxygen atoms, [(b) and (c) Redrawn and modified from J.B. Lambert, H.F. Shurvell, D. Lightner and R.G. Cooks, Introduction to Organic Spectroscopy, Macmillan, New York, 1987.]...

The synthesis described by Lambert and coworkers145 is outlined in Scheme 10. The final step afforded the first generation dendrimer in 85% yield after recrystallization. The structure of the dendrimer was confirmed by mass spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, which indicated significant steric interaction between the three dendritic wedges. There exist twenty-seven pathways with seven silicon atoms within the dendrimer, but none of these pathways corresponds to an all-anti configuration which is optimal for electron delocalization. In spite of this, the maximum absorbance in the UV spectrum is red-shifted with respect to linear heptasilane and very similar to that of linear... 

In later smdies, Lambert and co-workers (53) also used TPD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to show that only atomic oxygen is responsible... 

In a subsequent study, Lambert, Herber, and their coworkers reported, by Mdssbauer spectroscopy, that the motion of the tin atom within tris(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)stannylium tetrakis (pentalluo-rophenyl)borate is isotropic. ... 

As stated earlier, it should be possible to epoxidize non-allylic olefins other than butadiene, or even olefins with allylic hydrogen atoms, as long as the allylic hydrogens are kinetically non-reactive. The olefins in Table 4 indicate this is indeed the case. In all cases, the catalysts were promoted with CsCI the unpromoted catalysts were either inactive or exhibited very low and transient activities. The data for the epoxidation of styrene and 4-vinylpyridine are discussed in greater detail in an earlier patent (12). The epoxidation of styrene over silver surfaces has also been observed by Blum (13) and Hawker, Lambert eta (14), although the catalysts evaluated in Table 4 are much more active and selective than those described by Blum. The transient temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS)... 

Kidd RG (1983) Group V atom NMR spectroscopy other than nitrogen. In Lambert JB and Riddell EG (eds) The Multinuclear Approach to NMR Spectroscopy, NATO ASI Series C, 379-382. Boston Reidel. 

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