Lactobacillus fructivorans

Weiss, N., Schillinger, V., and Kandler, O. 1983. Lactobacillus trichodes and Lactobacillus hetero-hiochii, subjective synonyms of Lactobacillus fructivorans. Syst. Appl. Microbiol 4, 507-511. 

In general, the lactobacilli are more alcohol tolerant than either Pediococcus or Leuconostocsp, although this varies with species. Lactobacillus fructivorans, (formerly L. trichoides) for example, is the most alcohol-tolerant wine lactic, surviving in dessert wines of 20% (vol/vol) alcohol (Fornachon, 1943 Vaughn, 1955). Other lactobacilli are more sensitive (<15% vol/vol). By comparison, the alcohol tolerance maxima for the pediococci and Leu-conostoc is 12-14% (vol/vol). 

The above medium, as a broth, and supplemented with 10% (v/v) ethanol using NSFG, can be used for cultivation of isolates suspected to be Lactobacillus fructivorans (see 1.4.2). 

Strains of Lactobacillus fructivorans, L brevis and L hilgardii (heterofermentative bacilli) are frequently isolated from fortified wines with alcoholic strengths from 16 to 20% volume. They seem to be naturally adapted to ethanol but lose this adaptation after isolation. Strains of L fructivorans nevertheless remain very tolerant of ethanol, which has an activator role in their case (Kalmar, 1995). P. damnosus bacteria are not particularly resistant to alcohol, but the ropy strains multiply at the same rate and with the same yield in the presence or absence of 10-12% volume of alcohol. The adaptation phenomena are definitely dissimilar in nature. In most cases, they are the result of a structural (fatty acid, phospholipid and protein composition) and functional modification of the membrane. In the case of ropy P. damnosus... 

Among the lactobacilli, several species and strains of Lactobacillus, have been isolated from wine. These include the homofermentative species L. casei, L. plantarum, L. sake, and L. homohiochii and the heterofermenters L. brevis, L. hilgardii, L. fructivorans (formerly L. trichoides), L. buchneri, and L.fermentum, The genus Pediococcus comprises three species, Pediococcus... 

Heterofermentative strict Lactobacillus hilgardii, Lact. brevis, Lact. fructivorans, Lact. diolivorans, Lact. buchneri, Lact. fermentum, Lact jensenii, Lact. kunkei, Lact. nagelii, Lact vermiforme... 

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