Kumada polythiophenes

The Synthesis of Conjugated Polythiophenes by Kumada Cross-Coupling... 

The Kumada cross-coupling was first utilized in 1980 to prepare unsubstituted polythiophene, via the nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-bromo-5-mag-nesiobromothiophene, produced by inserting magnesium metal into 2,5-dibromothiophene [27, 28]. The poor solubility of the polymer resulted... 

I 7 The Synthesis of Conjugated Polythiophenes by Kumada Cross-Coupling Table 7.2 Polymerization data for symmetrical and fused thiophenes. 

Migita-Kosugi-Stille, Negishi-Baba, Mizoroki-Heck, and Kumada-Tamao-Corriu coupling) and for polythiophene synthesis. Direct arylation (see Chapter 4) was highlighted as one of the more efficacious methods. 

One of the most highly researched conjugated polymers is poly(3-aIkylthiophene) (underivatized polythiophene is insoluble). In a synthetic method developed by McCullough [94, 96] and further modified by Yokozawa [95, 97], Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation (KCTP), also commonly known as Grignard metathesis polymerization... 

Early preparations of polythiophene employed both electrochemical and chemical methods [1,21-23]. Chemical preparations via oxidative coupling of thiophene or Kumada cross-coupling of Grignard reagents... 

---