Knight 2 Carboxylic Acids

Bergeron S, Chaplin D, Edwards JH, Ellis BS, Hill CL, Holt-Tiffin K, Knight JR, Mahoney T, Osborne AP, Ruecroft G (2006) Nitrilase-catalyzed desym-metrization of 3-hydroxyglutaronitrile preparation of a statin side-chain intermediate. Org Proc Res Dev 10 661-665 Burns M, Weaver J, Wong J (2005) Stereoselective enzymic bioconversion of aliphatic dinitriles into cyano carboxylic acids. WO 2005100580 DeSantis G, Zhu Z, Greenberg W, Wong K, Chaplin J, Hanson SR, Farwell B, Nicholson LW, Rand CL, Weiner DP, Robertson D, Burk MJ (2002) An enzyme library approach to biocatalysis development of nitrilases for enantioselective production of carboxylic acid derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 124 9024-9025... 

Phenolic acids are rarely present as free forms, except in processed food, but occur more frequently as soluble or insoluble esters. These esters are formed with polysaccharides or simple sugars, with quinic acid or other carboxylic acids such as tartaric or shikimic acids [Herrmann, 1989], with other phenolic acids, with lipids [Clifford, 2000], with sterols or glycerol [Clifford, 1999], or with amino acids [Clifford and Knight, 2004], To quinic acid, they can be conjugated as mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-esters [Clifford, 2000]. The multiple esters can contain the same or different hydroxycinnamic acids. Among the hydroxycinnamic conjugates, caffeoylquinic and di-caffeoylquinic acids... 

Knight explored the C2-lithiation of indole-3-carboxylic acids [326, 327]. Similar to the reaction with alcohol 100, two equivalents of LDA were used to generate dianion intermediates which upon quenching with electrophiles gave 2-(substituted)indole-3-carboxylic acids. This strategy was later used by Fisher... 

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