Kidney disorders etiologies

The following issues, including the etiology, remain to be clarified (a) the pathogenesis of ALPE, (b) the prevention of relapse, and future exercise guidance, (c) why delayed CT shows patchy contrast enhancement even in the recovery phase, (d) whether or not patchy renal vasoconstriction persists for 1-2 weeks, (e) why a contrast medium is present in the kidney for 72 h maximum, (f) the association between ALPE and disorders of type II muscle fibers, (g) the reasons for the less marked increases in serum myoglobin and creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and (h) why ALPE frequently develops in patients with renal hypouricemia. 

It is well established that toxic nephropathies are not restricted to a single type of renal injury. Some chemicals target one discrete anatomical region of the kidney and may affect only one cell type. Chemical insult to the kidney may result in a spectrum of nephropathies that are indistinguishable from those that do not have a chemical etiology. Nephrotoxicity and neural disorders in animals and humans have occurred due to prolonged exposure to chemical substances. These may be broadly categorized as ... 

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