Kidney disorders acute failure

GI pain and bleeding pulmonary edema anemia, destruction of red blood cells liver necrosis, kidney failure encephalopathy and other central and peripheral nervous system disorders. Chronic toxicity can lead to systemic hypotension skin disorders such as eczema, hyperkeratosis, melanosis, ulceration, skin cancers blood problems such as anemia, acute leukemia kidney failure delirium, encephalopathy, seizures, neuropathy. 

There have been multiple reports of acute kidney injury following the use of oral sodium phosphate solution [13,19-33]. Many of these reports are the subject of a recent review [19] and are best divided into 2 categories. In the first group of cases, the clinical course was dominated by immediate and severe electrolyte disorders including hyperphosphatemia, and renal biopsy was not performed [13, 20-28]. In the second group of patients, the clinical course was less acute and the connection between the use of OSPS and renal failure was confirmed by renal biopsy [19, 29-33]. 

Nephrotoxins or ischemic disorders can initiate acute renal failure. Shock, hemorrhage, septicemia, or vasodilation due to hypertensive medication can precipitate ischemic acute renal failure. Systemic reactions to certain drugs and nephrotoxins such as aminoglycoside antibiotics and heavy metals lead to acute renal failure. The extent of retention of creatinine and urea in blood is directly related to the severity of acute renal failure. This condition is not readily reversible and, as such, should be distinguished from reversible phenomena such as prerenal or postrenal azotemia, in which there is also an increase in levels of plasma urea and creatinine (13). In volume-depleted states, for example, diarrhea, the kidney is hypoprefused. This results in increased back diffusion of urea into the circulation from the tubular fluid because of the reduced urine flow. In addition to an increase in urea levels in circulation, there is also a slow increase in creatinine levels. Plasma urea and creatinine levels can be restored to normal within 24 hours by appropriate fluid and electrolyte replacement in prerenal azotemia. In condi-... 

Diuretics are among the most frequently prescribed drugs for the treatment of both edematous and non-edematous states. With respect to the latter category, they are most often utilized in the therapy of hypertension. They may injure the kidney either reversibly or irremediably, a distinction which often depends upon whether they have induced functional or anatomic damage. Ordinarily, the former type of disorder reverses more rapidly than the latter. However, anatomical lesions, for example those that may be associated with acute renal failure, may also respond to removal of the offending agent... 

HUMAN HEALTH RISKS Acute Risks headache tiredness nausea diarrhea convulsions tremors respiratory failure irritation of skin, eyes muscle pains Chronic Risks adverse testicular effects liver damage kidney damage affects synthesis of proteins, lipids, detoxification, excretion CNS damage blood disorders. 

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