Hypoxia ketamine

Ketamine is not a significant respiratory depressant and the ventilatory response to hypoxia is maintained. Ketamine has a bronchodilatory effect subsequent to sympathetic stimulation. Airway reflexes are well maintained after ketamine administration. However, since ketamine is not used as... 

The effects of a ketamine high usually last an hour, but they can last for 4 to 6 hours, and 24 to 48 hours are generally required before the user will feel completely normal again. Effects of chronic use of ketamine may take from several months to 2 years to disappear completely. Low doses (25 to 100 mg) produce psychedelic effects quickly. Large doses can produce vomiting and convulsions and may lead to hypoxia of the brain and muscles 1 g can cause death. Flashbacks may even occur 1 year after use. Long-term effects include tolerance and possible physical and/or psychological dependence. 

The addition of ketamine as an opiate sparer, 1.5 or 5 mg per bolus morphine dose, has been studied in 58 patients undergoing transthoracic heart and lung surgery, a procedure that is associated with severe pain [122 ]. Those who took ketamine used 50% less morphine and required less rescue diclofenac for pain control. Pain scores were consistently lower with ketamine, despite reduced amounts of morphine administered. Respiratory parameters were much better with ketamine none compared with seven patients requiring oxygen for hypoxia. The... 

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